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Spatial Clusters of Children with Cleft Lip and Palate and Their Association with Polluted Zones in the Monterrey

Francisco Manuel Gasca-Sanchez1, Jesus Santos-Guzman1, Ricardo Elizondo-Dueñaz2

  • 1Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Monterrey 64710, Mexico.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|July 25, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) cluster in polluted areas of Monterrey. Spatial analysis links CLP incidence to high particulate matter (PM10) and greenhouse gas concentrations.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Pediatric Epidemiology
  • Spatial Analysis

Background:

  • Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a common congenital malformation.
  • Understanding the spatial distribution of CLP can help identify environmental risk factors.
  • The Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA) faces significant air pollution challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatial patterns of CLP cases in the MMA.
  • To explore the association between CLP occurrence and environmental pollution.
  • To identify potential environmental contributors to CLP.

Main Methods:

  • Spatial analysis using Nearest Neighbor Index (NNI) and Spatial Statistical Scan (SaTScan).
  • Geostatistical interpolation techniques: Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK) and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW).
  • Correlation analysis with environmental data: Particulate Matter (PM10) and greenhouse gas emissions.

Main Results:

  • CLP cases exhibit significant spatial clustering in the MMA.
  • Identified clusters with up to 12 CLP cases within a 1.2 km radius.
  • 95% of CLP cases showed spatial interaction with PM10 levels exceeding 50 points.
  • 83% of CLP cases were associated with approximately 2000 annual tons of greenhouse gas emissions.

Conclusions:

  • CLP distribution in the MMA is spatially aggregated.
  • Environmental pollutants, specifically PM10 and greenhouse gases, are potentially associated with CLP incidence.
  • Findings support further research into environmental and genetic factors influencing congenital malformations like CLP.

Keywords:
PM10cleft lip and palateindustrial pollutionspatial clusters

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