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Phosphorylation

Phosphorylation

The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Investigating Tissue- and Organ-specific Phytochrome Responses using FACS-assisted Cell-type Specific Expression Profiling in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Published on: May 29, 2010

Plant Phytochromes and their Phosphorylation.

Quyen T N Hoang¹, Yun-Jeong Han¹, Jeong-Il Kim²

¹Department of Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|July 25, 2019

Summary

Phytochromes, key plant light sensors, are revealed to function as protein kinases. This phosphorylation activity is crucial for regulating plant development and light signaling pathways.

Keywords:

autophosphorylation light signaling plant photoreceptors protein kinase reversible phosphorylation

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Area of Science:

Plant biology
Molecular signaling
Photoreceptor research

Background:

Phytochromes regulate photomorphogenesis by degrading PIFs and inactivating COP1-SPA complexes.
The precise biochemical mechanism of phytochrome function, particularly phosphorylation, remains incompletely understood.
While protein phosphatases acting on phytochromes are known, no direct protein kinase has been identified.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in the reversible phosphorylation of phytochromes.
To highlight the emerging evidence of phytochromes functioning as protein kinases in plant light signaling.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on phytochrome phosphorylation and kinase activity.
Analysis of studies utilizing phytochrome mutants with altered kinase activities.

Main Results:

Phytochromes are phosphoproteins, with identified phosphatases that dephosphorylate them.
Evidence suggests phytochromes possess autophosphorylating serine/threonine protein kinase activity.
Mutant studies support the role of phytochrome kinase activity in light signaling regulation.

Conclusions:

Reversible phosphorylation is a key regulatory mechanism for phytochrome function.
Phytochromes act as protein kinases, directly participating in plant light signaling pathways.
Further research into phytochrome kinase activity will elucidate critical aspects of photomorphogenesis.