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Nonlinear changes in selection on a mating display across a continuous thermal gradient.

Malcolm Fogelin Rosenthal1, Damian O Elias1

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Summary
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Temperature changes impact wolf spider courtship signals and mate selection. Different song components vary with temperature, leading to complex shifts in sexual selection and signal evolution.

Keywords:
biotremologymate choicesexual selectionthermal ecology

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Area of Science:

  • Animal behavior
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Bioacoustics

Background:

  • Animal communication signals evolve under environmental pressures.
  • Temperature fluctuations influence ectotherm behavior, including courtship and mate choice.
  • Wolf spiders (Schizocosa floridana) use complex vibrational songs for courtship.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of daily thermal variation on courtship behavior and mate choice in Schizocosa floridana.
  • To test if different components of wolf spider courtship songs respond variably to temperature changes.
  • To determine how temperature-induced shifts in courtship affect sexual selection on signal components.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental manipulation of the thermal environment for courting and choosing wolf spider pairs.
  • Analysis of changes in the production rate of different song components in response to temperature.
  • Assessment of shifts in selection pressures on courtship displays across varying temperatures.

Main Results:

  • Several components of the wolf spider courtship song increased in production rate with rising temperatures.
  • Other song components decreased or showed no response to temperature variations.
  • Evidence of temperature-dependent directional selection on specific courtship display components was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental variation, specifically temperature, critically affects animal communication and mate choice.
  • Understanding thermal effects on signals is essential for comprehending sexual selection and signal evolution, especially for complex signals.
  • The study highlights the dynamic interplay between environmental conditions and the evolution of animal signals.