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Not all colonic growths are malignant.

Geethu Rachel Iype¹, Sasank Kalipatnapu¹, Dipti Masih²

¹Division of General Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

BMJ Case Reports

|July 25, 2019

Summary

A woman initially diagnosed with colon cancer was found to have a benign inflammatory condition, xanthogranulomatous inflammation, after surgery. This case highlights the importance of recognizing this condition to avoid misdiagnosis of malignancy.

Keywords:

general surgery pathology surgical oncology

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Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Pathology
Surgical Oncology

Background:

Adenocarcinoma of the caecum is a common malignancy requiring accurate diagnosis.
Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a rare, benign chronic inflammatory condition.
Distinguishing between malignancy and benign conditions is crucial for patient management.

Observation:

A 34-year-old woman presented with clinical, radiological, and intraoperative findings suggestive of adenocarcinoma of the caecum.
Postoperative histopathology revealed xanthogranulomatous inflammation, with no evidence of malignancy.
This highlights a potential diagnostic pitfall in gastrointestinal pathology.

Findings:

The final histopathological diagnosis was xanthogranulomatous inflammation, a benign condition.
The initial diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the caecum was revised postoperatively.
This underscores the importance of thorough histopathological examination.

Implications:

Surgeons and pathologists must be aware of xanthogranulomatous inflammation as a potential mimic of malignancy.
Accurate differentiation is essential to prevent unnecessary aggressive treatment for benign conditions.
This case contributes to the understanding of rare gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases.