Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Plaquing of Herpes Simplex Viruses
Published on: November 5, 2021
Severe presentation of antibody-negative, postinfectious steroid-responsive encephalitis and atonic bladder after
Luay Mrad1, Argirios Moustakas1, Robert Fuino1
1Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
Abstract:
A 75-year-old woman presented with new onset of confusion, intense episodic dizziness and formed visual hallucinations. Herpes simplex encephalitis and non-convulsive temporal lobe seizures were confirmed with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and electroencephalography testing. In addition, her hospital course was complicated by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and atonic bladder contributing to an episode of urinary tract infection. After completing 3 weeks of acyclovir treatment, the patient became obtunded with right arm choreiform movements and persistent inflammatory CSF findings not attributable to persistent herpes simplex virus infection or other confounding factors. The patient responded to steroid treatment. Repeated autoimmune and paraneoplastic evaluations were negative. Both clinical (cognitive testing and atonic bladder) and CSF inflammatory finding improved in the follow-up period.
Related Concept Videos
Self-Presentation
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping
Strategies of Self-Presentation I: Strategic Self-Presentation
Processes of Self-Presentation
Strategies of Self-Presentation II: Self-Verification
Antibody Structure
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...

