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Cell junctions and oral health.

Mohammad Samiei1, Elham Ahmadian2,3, Aziz Eftekhari4

  • 1Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

EXCLI Journal
|July 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Cell junctions, including gap, tight, and adherens junctions, are crucial for oral cavity health. Their proper function maintains oral mucosa integrity, tooth development, and saliva secretion, while dysfunction can lead to various diseases.

Keywords:
anchoring junctiongap junctionoral diseaseoral healthtight junction

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Biology
  • Cellular Physiology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • The oral cavity faces significant environmental and mechanical stress.
  • Cell junctions are vital for maintaining oral tissue integrity and function.
  • Key junctions include gap, tight, and adherens junctions, each with distinct roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of cell junctions in the oral cavity.
  • To explore the involvement of cell junctions in both normal physiological processes and disease states.
  • To highlight the impact of junctional protein dysfunction on oral health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on cell junction function in the oral cavity.
  • Analysis of the roles of gap, tight, and adherens junctions.
  • Examination of the consequences of junctional protein deregulation in oral diseases.

Main Results:

  • Gap junctions facilitate intercellular communication, influencing cell growth and differentiation.
  • Tight junctions regulate paracellular transport and protein localization.
  • Adherens junctions provide mechanical stability to oral tissues.
  • Proper junction function is essential for oral mucosa, tooth development, and saliva secretion.
  • Junctional protein alterations are linked to dental issues, salivary gland dysfunction, and tumorigenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Cell junctions are indispensable for maintaining the homeostasis of the oral cavity.
  • Dysregulation of cell junctions contributes to a spectrum of oral pathologies.
  • Understanding cell junction roles offers insights into preventing and treating oral diseases.