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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila
Published on: August 20, 2019
Five-rooted permanent maxillary second molar: CBCT findings of an extremely rare anatomical variant
Andrea Borghesi1, Silvia Michelini2, Elena Tononcelli1
1Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, Brescia I-25123, Italy.
Abstract:
Permanent maxillary second molars (MSMs) are the most difficult teeth to treat endodontically because of their complex root canal system. Most MSMs have 3 roots with 3 root canals; however, variations in the root canal configuration and in the number of roots are common. The presence of extra roots in MSMs has been described by several authors, and the reported incidence of 4-rooted MSMs ranges from 0.98% to 5.6%. However, extremely few cases have been reported in the literature in which a living human subject was found to have a 5-rooted MSM. The present report describes the first case of a 5-rooted MSM in a white European subject diagnosed by cone-beam computed tomography.
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