Cutaneous leishmaniasis mimicking cutaneous lymphoma

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Infectious Diseases
• Parasitology

Background:

• Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic infection caused by *Leishmania* protozoa.
• Transmission occurs via the bite of infected sand flies (*Lutzomyia* and *Phlebotomus* species).
• Classic CL manifestations include single or multiple cutaneous and/or mucosal ulcers.

Observation:

• Atypical presentations of CL are infrequent but can mimic various dermatological conditions.
• This report details a specific case where CL presented with lesions resembling cutaneous lymphoma.
• The patient's clinical presentation posed a diagnostic challenge due to its atypical nature.

Findings:

• The described case of cutaneous leishmaniasis exhibited an unusual morphology.
• The atypical lesions mimicked the clinical appearance of cutaneous lymphoma.
• Diagnostic confirmation required careful histopathological and parasitological examination.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of considering CL in the differential diagnosis of skin lesions, even with atypical presentations.
• Recognizing unusual CL manifestations is crucial for timely and accurate diagnosis.
• Broadening the differential diagnosis can prevent misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate patient management for parasitic skin infections.