The Effects of Meaning Dominance in the Time-Course of Activation of L2 Lexical Ambiguity Processing

This paper investigates the effects of meaning dominance in the time-course of activation for ambiguous words out of context in a second language (L2) based on two models: the ordered access model, where the most frequent dominant meaning is always accessed first, and the multiple access model, where dominant and subordinate meanings are activated. Non-native speakers of English (divided into high and low proficiency groups) and native English speakers completed a lexical decision task. While both L2 high and low proficiency groups retrieved multiple meanings of the ambiguous words at different stimulus-onset asynchronies supporting the multiple access model, the move from the ordered access model to the multiple access model was confirmed for the native English speaker group. The findings indicated developmental change of sensitivity to meaning dominance. The results also demonstrated that the rate of facilitation differed among the groups due to slow and more transient L2 activation.