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Related Concept Videos

Angular Momentum: Single Particle01:10

Angular Momentum: Single Particle

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Angular momentum is directed perpendicular to the plane of the rotation, and its magnitude depends on the choice of the origin. The perpendicular vector joining the linear momentum vector of an object to the origin is called the “lever arm.” If the lever arm and linear momentum are collinear, then the magnitude of the angular momentum is zero. Therefore, in this case, the object rotates about the origin such that it lies on the rim of the circumference defined by the lever arm...
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The self is a central aspect of human identity, encompassing an individual’s beliefs, emotions, perceptions, and experiences. It is a cognitive and psychological construct that enables individuals to interpret their traits and behaviors, influencing how they perceive themselves and interact with the world. While personality consists of stable and enduring characteristics, the self is shaped by self-perception and social experiences. This distinction highlights the dynamic nature of the...
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Linear momentum is a fundamental concept in physics that describes the motion of an object. It is a vector quantity, having a magnitude equal to the product of its mass and its velocity, and direction along the object's velocity. On the other hand, linear impulse, also known as momentum impulse, is a concept in physics related to the change in the linear momentum of an object. Impulse is a vector quantity defined as the product of force and the time over which the force is applied.
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
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Distribution and Dispersion00:54

Distribution and Dispersion

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To understand intra-specific interactions in populations, scientists measure the spatial arrangement of species individuals. This geographic arrangement is known as the species distribution or dispersion. Highly territorial species exhibit a uniform distribution pattern, in which individuals are spaced at relatively equal distances from one another. Species that are highly tied to particular resources, such as food or shelter, tend to concentrate around those resources, and thus exhibit a...
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Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Liquid-cell Transmission Electron Microscopy for Tracking Self-assembly of Nanoparticles
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Single-Particle Tracking for Understanding Polydisperse Nanoparticle Dispersions.

Xun Gong1, Minkyung Park1, Dorsa Parviz1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 66-570b, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|July 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Single-particle tracking (SPT) offers a rapid method for characterizing nanoparticle size distributions, addressing limitations of traditional techniques. This approach aids in understanding nanomaterial properties and applications over time.

Keywords:
boron nitridecarbon nanotubescentrifugationdiffusiongraphene oxidenanoparticlesparticle sizingsize distributions

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Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Colloidal nanomaterial dispersions are frequently polydisperse, complicating size characterization.
  • Accurate nanoparticle size distribution is crucial for material properties and technological applications.
  • Existing methods like dynamic light scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation have limitations in routine polydispersity analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore single-particle tracking (SPT) as a routine method for characterizing nanoparticle size distributions.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of SPT for various nanomaterials, including polymers and carbon-based nanostructures.
  • To develop and apply a novel Bayesian algorithm for analyzing particle tracks.

Main Methods:

  • Single-particle tracking (SPT) was employed to analyze nanoparticle dispersions.
  • A new Bayesian algorithm, Maximum A posteriori Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, was developed for track analysis.
  • Combined SPT with analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) to estimate mean aspect ratios of anisotropic particles.

Main Results:

  • SPT successfully probed size distributions in diverse nanoparticle samples (polystyrene, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, etc.).
  • The Maximum A posteriori Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis algorithm enabled detailed particle track analysis.
  • Integration of SPT and AUC allowed independent estimation of mean aspect ratios for anisotropic nanoparticles.

Conclusions:

  • Single-particle tracking (SPT) presents a facile and rapid analytical method for routine nanomaterial characterization.
  • SPT effectively addresses the challenge of polydispersity in nanoparticle size distributions.
  • The developed Bayesian algorithm enhances the analytical capabilities of SPT for nanomaterial science.