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Between-hand coupling during response inhibition.

Corey G Wadsley1,2, John Cirillo1,2, Winston D Byblow1,2

  • 1Movement Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Exercise Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|July 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The interference effect, a delay in stopping movements, arises from hands acting as one unit during preparation. Independent hand responses may depend on distinct inhibitory processes in the motor cortex.

Keywords:
human primary motor cortexintracortical inhibitionmovement preparationresponse inhibitiontranscranial magnetic stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Response inhibition is crucial for terminating planned or ongoing movements.
  • The interference effect, observed during partial inhibition trials, highlights limitations in selective response inhibition.
  • Motor cortex GABAergic networks are implicated in response inhibition, but their specific roles are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the interference effect results from between-hand coupling into a unitary response.
  • To determine if this coupling is reflected in GABAergic intracortical inhibition within the primary motor cortex (M1).

Main Methods:

  • Eighteen healthy participants performed synchronous and asynchronous bimanual response inhibition tasks.
  • Electromyography recorded muscle activity, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measured motor evoked potentials in M1.
  • Single- and paired-pulse TMS probed GABAergic inhibition.

Main Results:

  • Response delays were paradoxically longer in the synchronous task compared to the asynchronous task during inhibition trials.
  • Task difficulty did not significantly alter GABAergic intracortical inhibition.
  • A trend suggested that between-hand coupling was associated with greater GABAB receptor-mediated inhibition and less GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • The interference effect is partly due to the preparation of a unified bimanual response.
  • Independent control of the two hands may involve the modulation of specific inhibitory pathways.