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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

155.7K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
155.7K
Translation01:31

Translation

17.6K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
17.6K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

38.4K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
38.4K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.5K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.5K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

6.6K
6.6K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

14.1K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
14.1K

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Related Experiment Video

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Biobank for Translational Medicine: Standard Operating Procedures for Optimal Sample Management
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Translating the Patient Dignity Inventory.

Karin Blomberg1, Olav Lindqvist, Carina Werkander Harstäde2

  • 1Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.

International Journal of Palliative Nursing
|July 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The Patient Dignity Inventory (PDI) was translated and culturally adapted for Swedish palliative care. This validated Swedish PDI can now assess dignity-related distress in patients, with further psychometric testing planned.

Keywords:
DignityEnd-of-life carePatient Dignity InventoryPatient-reported outcomes

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Area of Science:

  • Palliative Care
  • Psychometrics
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • The Patient Dignity Inventory (PDI) is a validated instrument for assessing dignity-related distress.
  • It has been widely used in practice and research globally.
  • The PDI had not previously been adapted or validated for use in Sweden.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To translate the Patient Dignity Inventory (PDI) into Swedish.
  • To culturally adapt the PDI for clinical use in Sweden.
  • To ensure semantic, conceptual, and experiential equivalence for the Swedish version.

Main Methods:

  • A multi-step process including translation and negotiated consensus.
  • Expert group discussions (n=7) were conducted.
  • Cognitive interviews with persons needing palliative care (n=7) were performed.

Main Results:

  • Linguistic and cultural issues were addressed through revisions, focusing on equivalence.
  • A pilot version was created for cognitive interviews.
  • Most items were deemed relevant by patients receiving palliative care.

Conclusions:

  • The translation and adaptation process enhanced clarity and consistency of the PDI.
  • The Swedish version of the PDI is suitable for assessing dignity-related distress.
  • Future research will involve psychometric testing in a larger patient cohort.