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Comprehensive mechanical power analysis in sprint running acceleration.

Gaspare Pavei1, Paola Zamparo2, Norihisa Fujii3

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Understanding sprint running power is key for athletes. This study details mechanical power during acceleration, finding internal power crucial and adaptable for prediction, aiding performance analysis in sports.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Science
  • Human Movement

Background:

  • Sprint running is vital in many sports, demanding high power output.
  • Athlete performance in sprints depends on efficient mechanical power production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively describe the mechanical determinants of power output during sprint running acceleration.
  • To evaluate the applicability of a predictive equation for internal power, originally for steady locomotion, to sprint acceleration.

Main Methods:

  • Eighteen subjects performed 20m sprints in a controlled gym environment.
  • A 35-camera motion capture system recorded 3D body segment movements.
  • Calculated external power (Pext) and internal power (Pint) based on body center of mass (BCoM) and segment dynamics.

Main Results:

  • In a 20m sprint, forward acceleration (Pext) accounted for 50% of total power, internal power (Pint) for 41%, and BCoM rise for 9%.
  • All power components increased linearly with mean sprint velocity.
  • An adapted predictive equation for Pint from steady locomotion showed good predictive accuracy for sprint acceleration (bias of 0.70 ± 0.93 W·kg⁻¹).

Conclusions:

  • Internal power is a significant component of sprint running acceleration.
  • The predictive equation for internal power can be adapted and utilized in sprint running analysis.
  • This adapted equation allows for the inclusion of internal power in methods previously estimating only external horizontal power.