Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Attachment01:20

Attachment

512
Attachment is vital for infant development, as warm social interactions support growth and well-being. In a classic 1958 study by Harry Harlow, the significance of warmth and comfort in forming attachments was examined. Harlow separated newborn monkeys from their mothers and provided two artificial "mothers": one made of cold wire and the other covered in soft cloth. Despite the wire mother offering food, the infant monkeys preferred the comfort of the cloth mother, demonstrating that...
512
Attachment Styles01:24

Attachment Styles

398
Jeffrey Simpson's attachment theory suggests that early caregiver relationships shape lasting patterns of behavior and emotional regulation, known as attachment styles. These patterns are organized along two key dimensions: self-esteem and interpersonal trust. The intersection of these dimensions produces four primary attachment styles that typically persist throughout life and significantly influence how individuals form and maintain relationships.Secure Attachment StyleIndividuals with a...
398
Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

4.0K
As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall...
4.0K
Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood03:34

Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood

48.6K
Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships. 
48.6K
MOSFET: Depletion Mode01:20

MOSFET: Depletion Mode

832
Depletion-mode MOSFETs represent a unique subset of MOSFET technology, functioning fundamentally differently from their enhancement-mode counterparts. Unlike enhancement MOSFETs, which require a positive gate-source voltage (Vgs) to turn on, depletion-mode MOSFETs are inherently conductive and "normally on" devices.
The primary characteristic of depletion-mode MOSFETs is their ability to conduct current between the drain and source terminals without gate bias. This inherent conductivity...
832
Relationship with Parents: Attachment01:28

Relationship with Parents: Attachment

231
Parent-child interactions lay the foundation for how we understand relationships throughout life. These interactions are not uniform across families; instead, they are shaped by a range of environmental, emotional, and behavioral factors unique to each caregiver-child dynamic. Social psychologists study these early relationships to understand how patterns formed in infancy influence social functioning and interpersonal behavior in adulthood.Attachment Theory and Early Relational ModelsJohn...
231

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Polyamines as Gatekeepers of Virus Replication and Central Nervous System Homeostasis.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Calcium signaling controls early stage biofilm formation and dispersal in <i>Vibrio fischeri</i>.

Journal of bacteriology·2025
Same author

Microtubule acetylation is not required for HIV-1 infection or TRIM69-mediated restriction of HIV-1 infection.

Journal of virology·2025
Same author

Rapid Screening to Identify Antivirals against Persistent and Acute Coxsackievirus B3 Infection.

ACS infectious diseases·2024
Same author

Polyamines mediate cellular energetics and lipid metabolism through mitochondrial respiration to facilitate virus replication.

PLoS pathogens·2024
Same author

Corrected and republished from: "<i>Vibrio fischeri</i> Possesses Xds and Dns Nucleases That Differentially Influence Phosphate Scavenging, Aggregation, Competence, and Symbiotic Colonization of Squid".

Applied and environmental microbiology·2024
Same journal

Something old, something new? Herpesvirus genome packaging examined in light of lessons from the tailed bacteriophages.

Journal of virology·2026
Same journal

Receptor profiling and growth assessment of influenza A virus in porcine mammary and non-mammary tissues and derived cells.

Journal of virology·2026
Same journal

Live human metapneumovirus vaccine candidates attenuated by temperature sensitivity mutations from human respiratory syncytial virus.

Journal of virology·2026
Same journal

Structure and functional analyses of vaccinia virus J5 protein reveal distinct determinants for entry-fusion complex assembly and activation.

Journal of virology·2026
Same journal

Coronavirus membrane protein with a fluorescent protein tag enables particle tracking for the study of virus assembly and egress in live cells.

Journal of virology·2026
Same journal

Disruption of the S1/S2 multibasic cleavage site attenuates infectious bronchitis virus, while S2' partially restores viral virulence and expands tissue tropism.

Journal of virology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of Self-assembling Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles PPAs and Related Biomaterials
08:55

Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of Self-assembling Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles PPAs and Related Biomaterials

Published on: June 25, 2018

8.5K

Polyamine Depletion Abrogates Enterovirus Cellular Attachment.

Thomas M Kicmal1,2, Patrick M Tate1, Courtney N Dial1,2

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA.

Journal of Virology
|July 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polyamines are crucial for Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) attachment to host cells. A mutation in CVB3

Keywords:
attachmentcell bindingenterovirusespolyamines

More Related Videos

Depletion of Specific Cell Populations by Complement Depletion
06:17

Depletion of Specific Cell Populations by Complement Depletion

Published on: February 5, 2010

22.7K
Adenofection: A Method for Studying the Role of Molecular Chaperones in Cellular Morphodynamics by Depletion-Rescue Experiments
12:34

Adenofection: A Method for Studying the Role of Molecular Chaperones in Cellular Morphodynamics by Depletion-Rescue Experiments

Published on: September 16, 2016

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of Self-assembling Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles PPAs and Related Biomaterials
08:55

Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of Self-assembling Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles PPAs and Related Biomaterials

Published on: June 25, 2018

8.5K
Depletion of Specific Cell Populations by Complement Depletion
06:17

Depletion of Specific Cell Populations by Complement Depletion

Published on: February 5, 2010

22.7K
Adenofection: A Method for Studying the Role of Molecular Chaperones in Cellular Morphodynamics by Depletion-Rescue Experiments
12:34

Adenofection: A Method for Studying the Role of Molecular Chaperones in Cellular Morphodynamics by Depletion-Rescue Experiments

Published on: September 16, 2016

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Polyamines are essential polycationic molecules regulating host cell processes.
  • Viral replication, particularly of RNA viruses like picornaviruses, is linked to host polyamine levels.
  • Depleting cellular polyamines restricts diverse RNA virus replication, but mechanisms are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the proviral role of polyamines in Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection.
  • To identify mechanisms by which polyamines facilitate viral replication.
  • To explore polyamine depletion as an antiviral strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Forward genetic screen using CVB3 in polyamine-depleted cells.
  • Site-directed mutagenesis to generate capsid mutants.
  • Attachment assays to quantify viral binding to host cells.

Main Results:

  • A mutation in CVB3 capsid protein VP3 (residue 234) conferred resistance to polyamine depletion.
  • Polyamine depletion significantly reduced CVB3 attachment to susceptible cells.
  • The identified VP3 mutant rescued viral attachment in polyamine-depleted cells.
  • Reduced attachment was observed for other divergent viruses in polyamine-depleted cells.

Conclusions:

  • Polyamines facilitate the attachment of CVB3 and potentially other RNA viruses to host cells.
  • A specific capsid mutation can overcome polyamine-dependent attachment.
  • Targeting polyamine biosynthesis may represent a novel antiviral therapeutic approach by inhibiting viral attachment.