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Related Concept Videos

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The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For...
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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

3D Printing - Evaluating Particle Emissions of a 3D Printing Pen
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Solvodynamic Printing As A High Resolution Printing Method.

W C Liu1, A A R Watt2

  • 1Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, United Kingdom.

Scientific Reports
|July 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Solvodynamic printing enhances resolution by using a carrier solvent to control ink spread. This novel technique achieved 35.2 μm silver tracks from a 300 μm nozzle, significantly improving printing precision.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Manufacturing Processes

Background:

  • Modern printing techniques face limitations in achieving high resolution.
  • Fine feature printing is crucial for advanced manufacturing applications.
  • Existing methods struggle to bridge the gap between nozzle size and feature size.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce solvodynamic printing, a novel system designed to enhance printing resolution.
  • To investigate the mechanism by which a carrier solvent improves feature size control.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of solvodynamic printing for high-resolution applications.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of an immiscible carrier solvent into the ink delivery system.
  • Utilizing solvent-solvent interactions to modify ink behavior on the substrate.
  • Printing silver nanoparticle inks onto a polyethylene naphthalate substrate.

Main Results:

  • Achieved silver nanoparticle tracks with widths of 35.2 ± 7.0 μm using a 300 μm nozzle.
  • Demonstrated a nozzle-to-feature size ratio of 11.7 ± 2.3%.
  • Validated the proof of concept for solvodynamic printing.

Conclusions:

  • Solvodynamic printing offers a significant improvement in printing resolution.
  • The technique shows potential for applications requiring fine feature fabrication.
  • This method overcomes limitations of current printing technologies in achieving small feature sizes relative to nozzle diameter.