Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Reconstitution Of β-catenin Degradation In Xenopus Egg Extract
Published on: June 17, 2014
Biochemical Hallmarks of Oxidative Stress-Induced Overactivation of Xenopus Eggs
Alexander A Tokmakov1, Misaki Awamura1, Ken-Ichi Sato1
1Department of Molecular Biosciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.
Abstract:
Egg overactivation occurs with a low frequency in the populations of naturally ovulated frog eggs. At present, its natural inducers, molecular mechanisms, and intracellular events remain unknown. Using microscopic and biochemical analyses, we demonstrate here that high levels of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress can cause time- and dose-dependent overactivation of Xenopus eggs. Lipofuscin accumulation, decrease of soluble cytoplasmic protein content, and depletion of intracellular ATP were found to take place in the overactivated eggs. Progressive development of these processes suggests that egg overactivation unfolds in a sequential and ordered fashion.
Related Concept Videos
Oxidation Numbers
Pyruvate Oxidation
First, the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase removes the carboxyl group from pyruvate and releases it as carbon dioxide. The stripped molecule is then oxidized and releases electrons, which are then picked up by NAD+...
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Responses to Salt Stress
Responses to Heat and Cold Stress
General State of Stress
Specifically, consider a tetrahedral element where one face, labeled XYZ, is perpendicular to the line OA, and the remaining faces align with the coordinate axes with point O as the origin. At any point, such as point O, the stress tensor can be used to determine the stress...

