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Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
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Amino acids are the monomers that comprise proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, or the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom. Every amino acid also has another atom or group of atoms bonded to the central atom known as the R group. There are 20 common amino acids present in proteins, each with a different R group. Variation in the amino acid sequence is responsible for...
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The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and its initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending upon the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
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Eelgrass pathogen Labyrinthula zosterae synthesizes essential fatty acids.

R M Yoshioka1, J B Schram, A W E Galloway

  • 1Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, Charleston, Oregon 97420, USA.

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms
|July 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The pathogen Labyrinthula zosterae produces valuable long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Diseased eelgrass shows increased LCPUFA, suggesting a novel ecosystem nutrient source.

Keywords:
DHAEelgrassFatty acidsLabyrinthulaPathogen

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Ecology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Parasites and diseases impact ecosystems in complex ways, often less understood than host effects.
  • Eelgrass wasting disease, caused by Labyrinthula zosterae (Lz), is known, but its biochemical contributions are unclear.
  • Related microbes produce beneficial long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if Labyrinthula zosterae produces LCPUFA.
  • To quantify fatty acid profiles of Lz cultured under different conditions.
  • To compare fatty acid content in diseased versus healthy eelgrass from lab and field settings.

Main Methods:

  • Culturing Lz on artificial and eelgrass-based media.
  • Analyzing fatty acid composition of cultured Lz.
  • Examining fatty acids in laboratory-inoculated and field-collected eelgrass lesions and controls.

Main Results:

  • Labyrinthula zosterae predominantly produces docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and other essential fatty acids.
  • DHA content was significantly higher in diseased eelgrass compared to controls.
  • Similar fatty acid patterns were observed in both laboratory and field samples.

Conclusions:

  • Labyrinthula zosterae is a significant producer of DHA.
  • Eelgrass wasting disease may represent an unrecognized source of LCPUFA in marine ecosystems.
  • Further research is needed to understand the in situ implications of Lz's fatty acid production.