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Plant Hormones

Plant Hormones

Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.

Meristems and Plant Growth

Meristems and Plant Growth

Plants grow throughout their lives; this is called indeterminate growth, and it distinguishes plants from most animals. Although certain parts of plants stop growing (e.g., leaves and flowers), others grow continuously—like roots and stems.

Tonicity in Plants

Tonicity in Plants

Tonicity describes the capacity of a cell to lose or gain water. It depends on the quantity of solute that does not penetrate the membrane. Tonicity delimits the magnitude and direction of osmosis and results in three possible scenarios that alter the volume of a cell: hypertonicity, hypotonicity, and isotonicity. Due to differences in structure and physiology, tonicity of plant cells is different from that of animal cells in some scenarios.

Plant Cell Wall

Plant Cell Wall

The plant cell wall gives plant cells shape, support, and protection. As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to the cell type. For example, the parenchyma cells of leaves possess only a thin, primary cell wall.

Plant Cells and Tissues

Plant Cells and Tissues

Plant tissues are collections of similar cells performing related functions. Different plant tissues will have their own specialized roles and can be combined with other tissues to form organs such as flowers, fruit, stem, and leaves. Two major types of plant tissue include meristematic and permanent tissue.

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.

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The Plant Infection Test: Spray and Wound-Mediated Inoculation with the Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe Grisea

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Cryptic phenology in plants: Case studies, implications, and recommendations.

Loren P Albert^1,2, Natalia Restrepo-Coupe^1,3, Marielle N Smith¹

¹Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.

Global Change Biology

|July 26, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Many plant phenological events are hidden or "cryptic," impacting ecology and climate predictions. Understanding these cryptic plant processes is crucial for accurate ecological and climate modeling.

Keywords:

climate change dynamic global vegetation models plant ecology plant physiology seasonality terrestrial biosphere models whole plant biology

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Plant Biology
Climate Science

Background:

Plant phenology, the timing of plant life cycle events, is vital for understanding ecosystems.
Traditional phenological studies focus on visible events like flowering and budburst.
Cryptic phenologies, such as root production and leaf turnover in evergreens, are often overlooked.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the importance of studying cryptic plant phenology.
To demonstrate how capturing cryptic phenology advances scientific understanding.
To advocate for the conceptualization and characterization of cryptic phenology.

Main Methods:

Case studies examining wood phenology in a deciduous forest (USA).
Case studies examining leaf phenology in tropical evergreen forests (Amazonia).
Literature review and synthesis of existing research on cryptic phenology.

Main Results:

Cryptic phenologies, like root dynamics and evergreen leaf turnover, significantly influence ecological processes.
Understanding cryptic phenology is essential for accurate predictions of ecosystem functions.
Neglecting these hidden processes leads to gaps in ecological and climate models.

Conclusions:

Conceptualizing and characterizing cryptic plant phenology is necessary for ecological and evolutionary understanding.
Further research into the causes and consequences of cryptic phenology is recommended.
Integrating cryptic phenological processes into terrestrial biosphere models is crucial for improving climate change predictions.