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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
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Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

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HIV estimates through 2018: data for decision-making.

Mary Mahy1, Kimberly Marsh, Keith Sabin

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This summary is machine-generated.

Global HIV targets aim for significant reductions, but progress through 2018 was insufficient. UNAIDS estimates show declining infections and deaths, guiding the ongoing response to end the AIDS epidemic.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Global targets set for a 75% reduction in new HIV infections and AIDS deaths by 2020.
  • UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS) facilitates national progress measurement towards these targets.
  • Revised estimates in 2019 reflect the latest data for national, regional, and global assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide updated global, regional, and national HIV estimates for 2018.
  • To assess progress towards the 2020 global targets for reducing HIV infections and AIDS deaths.
  • To inform strategic decisions for the global HIV response.

Main Methods:

  • Spectrum software utilized for HIV estimates in 170 countries.
  • Country teams developed direct estimates for 151 nations; UNAIDS provided estimates for 19 others.
  • Models incorporated data from sentinel surveillance, HIV testing, household surveys, HIV case surveillance, and AIDS deaths.

Main Results:

  • Estimates cover 170 countries, representing 99% of the global population.
  • In 2018, an estimated 37.9 million people were living with HIV.
  • 1.7 million new HIV infections and 770,000 AIDS-related deaths were recorded; declines observed in most regions.

Conclusions:

  • Progress towards ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030 is evident.
  • Declines in new HIV infections and AIDS deaths by 2018 did not meet interim global targets.
  • UNAIDS estimates are crucial for guiding global, regional, and country-level HIV response strategies.