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Detecting Behavioral Deficits in Rats After Traumatic Brain Injury
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Visual Deficits and Dysfunctions Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Natalya Merezhinskaya1,2, Rita K Mallia3, DoHwan Park4

  • 1Vision Center of Excellence, Defense Health Agency, Department of Defense, Bethesda, Maryland.

Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry
|July 26, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) commonly causes vision problems like accommodative dysfunction, convergence insufficiency, and visual field loss. Further research is needed to understand these long-term effects on vision.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
  • Neurology and Traumatic Brain Injury Research

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to various visual impairments, often overlooked in the absence of direct eye trauma.
  • Understanding the prevalence of specific visual dysfunctions post-TBI is crucial for patient management and rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the prevalence of accommodative dysfunction, convergence insufficiency, visual field loss, and visual acuity loss in TBI patients without eye injuries.
  • To identify factors influencing the prevalence of these visual conditions following TBI.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using data from PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library.
  • Included were publications reporting prevalence rates for diagnosed visual conditions in TBI patients of any age.
  • Univariate metaregression and subgroup analyses were performed to address statistical heterogeneity.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-two publications were analyzed, revealing combined prevalence estimates for accommodative dysfunction (42.8%), convergence insufficiency (36.3%), visual field loss (18.2%), and visual acuity loss (0.0%).
  • Visual field loss was significantly more prevalent in moderate to severe TBI (39.8%) compared to mild TBI (6.6%).

Conclusions:

  • Accommodative dysfunction, convergence insufficiency, and visual field loss are common visual sequelae following TBI.
  • Prospective, longitudinal research with standardized methodologies is essential to elucidate the short- and long-term visual consequences of TBI.