Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

16.1K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.1K
Covalent Bonds01:29

Covalent Bonds

160.3K
Overview
160.3K
Covalent Bonds01:08

Covalent Bonds

10.0K
Overview
When two atoms share electrons to complete their valence shells, they create a covalent bond. An atom's electronegativity—the force with which shared electrons are pulled towards an atom—determines how the electrons are shared. Molecules formed with covalent bonds can be either polar or nonpolar. Atoms with similar electronegativities form nonpolar covalent bonds; the electrons are shared equally. Atoms with different electronegativities share electrons unequally,...
10.0K
Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures02:46

Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures

60.7K
Compared to ionic bonds, which results from the transfer of electrons between metallic and nonmetallic atoms, covalent bonds result from the mutual attraction of atoms for a “shared” pair of electrons.
60.7K
Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

30.0K
Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
30.0K
Ions and Ionic Charges03:27

Ions and Ionic Charges

78.6K
In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called...
78.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Production with a Nearly 2% Solar-to-Chemical Conversion Efficiency via a Dedicated Construction of Redox Centers in Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same author

The enhancement of Li-ion conductivity in 2D metalloid organic frameworks <i>via</i> nodal element substitution.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2025
Same author

Construction of Interlayered Single-Atom Active Sites on Bipyridine-Based 2D Conjugated Covalent-Organic Frameworks for Boosting the C<sub>2</sub> Products of Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2024
Same author

Enhancement of Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution Activity of 2D π-Conjugated Bipyridine-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks via Post-Protonation.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2023
Same author

A Triptycene-Based 2D MOF with Vertically Extended Structure for Improving the Electrocatalytic Performance of CO<sub>2</sub> to Methane.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2023
Same author

Nanoporous Graphene <i>via</i> a Pressing Organization Calcination Strategy for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Generation.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2021
Same journal

Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of Tetracyclic Diterpenoid (±)-Papililone A and (-)-Papililone A.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Light-Powered Atroposelective Ratcheting via Excited-State Donor-Acceptor Interactions.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Modular One-Pot Access to π-Expanded Tetrakis(Phenothiazinyl)-Silanes With Broadly Tunable Redox and Emission Properties.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

pH-Tolerant Tripeptide Coacervates as Biomimetic Catalytic Microreactors.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Nano-Nickel Pinned Defective MoS<sub>2</sub> Heterostructures via Ball Milling for Improved Hydrogen Evolution.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Hollow NiCo-LDH Nanocage Derived From ZIF-67 as an Efficient Catalyst for the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
08:42

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Published on: July 10, 2017

14.1K

Crystalline Anionic Germanate Covalent Organic Framework for High CO2 Selectivity and Fast Li Ion Conduction.

Shumaila Ashraf1, Yiming Zuo1, Shuai Li1

  • 1Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|July 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed the first crystalline germanate covalent organic framework. This novel material exhibits high carbon dioxide uptake and selectivity, along with enhanced lithium ion conductivity.

Keywords:
CO2 selectivitycovalent organic frameworksgermanate frameworkslithium ion conductivitymicrowave synthesis

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks
05:26

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: February 10, 2023

3.7K
Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
06:53

Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: June 9, 2023

2.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
08:42

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Published on: July 10, 2017

14.1K
Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks
05:26

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: February 10, 2023

3.7K
Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
06:53

Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: June 9, 2023

2.6K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are typically built using lighter elements.
  • Incorporating heavier metalloids like germanium into COFs is underexplored.
  • Germanate-centered COFs could offer unique structural and functional properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the synthesis and characterization of the first crystalline germanate covalent organic framework.
  • To investigate the gas adsorption properties (CO2 uptake and selectivity) of the novel material.
  • To evaluate the potential of this germanate COF for ion conduction.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a hexacoordinated germanate COF using an anthracene linker.
  • Gas adsorption measurements at 273 K to determine CO2 uptake and CO2/N2 selectivity.
  • Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to measure lithium ion conductivity.

Main Results:

  • The first crystalline germanate covalent organic framework was successfully synthesized.
  • The material demonstrated a high CO2 uptake of 88.5 cm³ g⁻¹ at 273 K.
  • A CO2/N2 selectivity of 101 and a lithium ion conductivity of 0.25 mS cm⁻¹ at room temperature were achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The successful incorporation of germanium into a COF structure opens new avenues for heavier element-based frameworks.
  • The germanate COF exhibits promising performance for carbon capture applications.
  • The enhanced lithium ion conductivity suggests potential applications in solid-state electrolytes.