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Rib Cage Morphogenesis in the Human Embryo: A Detailed Three-Dimensional Analysis
Kasumi Okuno1, Koichi Ishizu1, Jun Matsubayashi1
1Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
|July 26, 2019
Summary
Human embryonic rib cage development shows cartilage formation by Carnegie stage 17, with sternum formation by stage 23. Organ placement influences rib cage shape and width during development.
Area of Science:
- Developmental biology
- Embryology
- Anatomy
Background:
- Skeletal structure formation is crucial for embryonic support, organ protection, and function.
- Understanding rib cage development provides insights into normal human anatomy and potential developmental anomalies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe human rib cage formation during the embryonic period.
- To identify key morphological features and factors influencing rib cage development.
Main Methods:
- Utilized high-resolution digitized imaging data from 34 human embryos.
- Analyzed embryos across Carnegie stages (CS) 17 to 23.
Main Results:
- Rib cage cartilage detectable at CS17, expanding dorsally.
- Ribs elongated, forming upper and lower regions by CS20.
- Sternum formed between CS21-CS23; lower rib cage remained open.
- Widest rib cage area shifted from 5th to 9th pair (CS17-CS23).
- Heart located under deepest rib pairs; liver under widest pairs.
Conclusions:
- Sternum formation, spinal kyphosis, and internal organ arrangement influence rib cage morphology.
- The study details the dynamic process of human rib cage formation and its relationship with organogenesis.
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