Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups01:09

Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups

5.8K
Substituents on the benzene ring that direct an incoming electrophile to undergo substitution at the meta position are called meta directors. All meta directors either have a positive charge on the atom directly bonded to the ring or a partial positive charge. These groups function by withdrawing electrons from the ring through inductive and resonance effects. Consider the carbocation intermediates formed upon the addition of an electrophile on nitrobenzene at the...
5.8K
Directing Effect of Substituents: ortho–para-Directing Groups01:14

Directing Effect of Substituents: ortho–para-Directing Groups

8.3K
Ortho–para directors are substituent groups attached to the benzene ring and direct the addition of an electrophile to the positions ortho or para to the substituent. All electron-donating groups are considered ortho–para directors. They donate electrons to the ring and make the ring more electron-rich. The ring is therefore susceptible to the addition of electrophiles. Substituents such as amino, hydroxy, or alkoxy, containing lone pairs on the atom adjacent to the ring, donate...
8.3K
Control System Problem01:21

Control System Problem

414
In an open-loop system, such as a basic thermostat, the poles of the transfer function influence the system's response but do not determine its stability. However, when feedback is introduced to form a closed-loop system, such as an advanced thermostat that adjusts heating based on room temperature, stability is governed by the new poles of the closed-loop transfer function.
When forming a closed-loop system, issues can arise if the poles cross into the unstable region, leading to potential...
414
Directional Relays01:25

Directional Relays

584
Directional relays, essential for managing unidirectional fault currents, enhance the safety and efficiency of power systems. On power lines equipped with directional relays, faults downstream (to the right) of the current transformer typically cause the fault current to lag the bus voltage by approximately 90 degrees, known as the forward direction. In contrast, upstream (left-side) faults may result in the fault current leading the bus voltage by nearly 90 degrees, termed the reverse...
584
Directional Terms01:14

Directional Terms

16.0K
Directional terms are essential for describing the relative locations of different body structures. For instance, an anatomist might describe one band of tissue as "inferior to" another, or a physician might describe a tumor as "superficial to" a deeper body structure. These terms often use comparative terms in pairs to trace out the relative locations of one body part to another or descriptions of body tissues like the deeper ones from superficially present with reference to...
16.0K
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

414
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
414

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ab Initio Modeling of Ion Interactions in PEDOT:PSS-PEO Polymer Systems and Experimental Observations in Corona Charging.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same author

Effect of Compatibilizers on Interfacial Strength in Microdenier Bicomponent Fibers.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same author

Macroscopic Modeling of Calender-Bonded Composite Nonwoven Materials.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2025
Same author

Swelling Dynamics of Disk-Shaped Nonwoven Membranes: A Theoretical and Experimental Study.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2025
Same author

Capillary self-thinning of threads of polyelectrolyte solutions with axial electric fields.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Electro-Stretching and Electro-Coalescence of Sessile Drops of Conducting Polymer Solutions with and without Surfactant and Dielectric Particles.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2025
Same journal

Metal-Organic Framework Multizyme Colloids with Joint Antioxidant and Protease Function.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same journal

Morphology Engineering of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> via Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide-Mediated ZIF-67 Synthesis for Efficient Photo-Assisted Electrooxidation of Methanol.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same journal

Speciation of Silanol Groups on Commercial Precipitated Silicas via IR Spectroscopy.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same journal

Regenerable PVA Hydrogel-Functionalized Optical Fiber Sensor for Ultra-Trace Detection of Berberine Hydrochloride.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same journal

Hydrogen Plasma-Driven Surface Defect Engineering of ZnO Nanorods: Correlating Electronic Structure and Photoelectrochemical Performance.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same journal

Cooperative Self-Assembly of Nanoparticle-Encapsulating Hybrid Protein Cages.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks
10:49

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

Published on: December 9, 2011

37.8K

Control of Direct Written Ink Droplets Using Electrowetting.

J Plog1, J-M Löwe1,2, Y Jiang1

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , 842 W. Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607-7022 , United States.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|July 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electrowetting enables precise control over diverse ink droplets for 3D printing. This technology offers a flexible and rapid method for moving liquid, polymer, and suspension inks on various surfaces.

More Related Videos

Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer
10:11

Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer

Published on: April 19, 2021

4.2K
Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications
07:42

Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications

Published on: January 22, 2019

11.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks
10:49

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

Published on: December 9, 2011

37.8K
Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer
10:11

Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer

Published on: April 19, 2021

4.2K
Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications
07:42

Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications

Published on: January 22, 2019

11.7K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Direct writing (DW) 3D printing relies on precise droplet manipulation.
  • Controlling diverse ink formulations, including liquids, polymers, and suspensions, remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of electrowetting for controlling various ink droplets in 3D printing.
  • To demonstrate electrowetting's capability across different ink types and substrate orientations.

Main Methods:

  • Embedding electrodes within dielectric substrates to generate electric fields.
  • Utilizing electrowetting to manipulate droplets of pure liquids, polymer solutions, and suspensions.
  • Testing droplet movement on horizontal, vertical, and inverted surfaces.

Main Results:

  • Successful movement of pure liquid, polymer solution, and carbon fiber suspension ink droplets.
  • Demonstrated electrowetting control over hydrogel, agar-agar, alginate, xanthan gum, and gum arabic droplets.
  • Accurate and repeatable manipulation of droplet sizes ranging from 200 μm to 3 mm on various substrates.

Conclusions:

  • Electrowetting is a feasible and effective method for controlling diverse ink droplets in 3D printing.
  • The technique offers precise, repeatable, and versatile droplet motion on multi-angled surfaces.
  • Electrowetting presents a flexible, rapid, and novel approach for advanced 3D printing applications.