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Related Concept Videos

Assessing Body Temperature - Oral01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Oral

1.5K
Here are the steps to accurately measure oral temperature using an electronic thermometer:
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...
1.5K
Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

1.3K
Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
1.3K
Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal01:27

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

11.7K
Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
11.7K
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

1.1K
Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
1.1K
Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane

1.1K
Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...
1.1K
Quantifying Heat02:46

Quantifying Heat

61.8K
Thermal Energy Microscopically, thermal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Temperature is a quantitative measure of “hot” or “cold”, which depends on the amount of thermal energy. When the atoms and molecules in an object are moving or vibrating quickly, they have a higher average kinetic energy (KE) (or higher thermal energy), and the object is perceived as “hot”, or it is described as being at a higher temperature. When the...
61.8K

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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry
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Temperature Assessment Of Microwave-Enhanced Heating Processes.

B García-Baños1, J J Reinosa2, F L Peñaranda-Foix3

  • 1ITACA Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, 46022, Spain. beagarba@upvnet.upv.es.

Scientific Reports
|July 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Real-time permittivity measurements under microwave fields offer insights into material thermal processes. A novel calibration method improves bulk temperature accuracy, aiding the study of non-thermal microwave effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electromagnetism
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Accurate temperature measurement is crucial for understanding microwave-enhanced thermal processes.
  • Existing methods struggle with precise bulk temperature determination under intense microwave irradiation.
  • Identifying non-thermal microwave effects requires reliable thermal data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate real-time, in-situ permittivity measurements for studying microwave-enhanced thermal processes.
  • To develop a robust temperature calibration method for microwave environments.
  • To correlate dielectric permittivity data with other thermal analysis techniques to investigate non-thermal effects.

Main Methods:

  • Real-time dielectric permittivity measurements under intense microwave fields.
  • A novel temperature calibration method integrating data from four independent techniques.
  • Correlation of permittivity measurements with Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Raman spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • The developed temperature calibration method accurately relates bulk and surface temperatures under microwave irradiation.
  • Dielectric permittivity measurements provide valuable information on thermal transitions.
  • Comparison with DTA and Raman spectroscopy highlights the potential for identifying specific microwave effects.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of in-situ permittivity measurements and advanced temperature calibration is a powerful tool for materials research.
  • This integrated approach can scientifically validate the existence of non-thermal microwave effects.
  • Accurate thermal characterization is key to unlocking the full potential of microwave processing in materials science.