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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Sheathless Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry for Metabolic Profiling of Biological Samples
Published on: October 1, 2016
New Advances in Amino Acid Profiling in Biological Samples by Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
Meera Shanmuganathan1, Philip Britz-McKibbin2
1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Abstract:
Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) offers a high efficiency microseparation platform for amino acid profiling when analyzing volume-restricted biological samples, such as a dried blood spot punch. Direct analysis of amino acids and their analogs is routinely achieved using strongly acidic buffer conditions under positive-ion mode detection with a coaxial sheath liquid interface for electrospray ionization (ESI). New advances in online sample preconcentration, pre-column chemical derivatization, and/or low flow/sheathless CE-MS interface designs can further improve sensitivity while allowing for resolution of amino acid stereoisomers and labile aminothiols with low nanomolar detection limits. Additionally, multiplexed separations in CE-MS based on serial injection of seven or more samples within a single run greatly boosts sample throughput (<2-3 min/sample) without added infrastructure costs while allowing for stringent quality control and signal batch correction. Accurate prediction of the electromigration behavior of amino acids and their analogs offers a convenient approach for structural elucidation that is complementary to high-resolution MS and MS/MS. Simultaneous analysis of amino acids together with other classes of ionic metabolites by CE-MS allows for comprehensive metabolomic screening as required for new advances in clinical medicine, nutritional sciences, and population health.
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