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Related Concept Videos

Amino acids03:42

Amino acids

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Amino acids are the monomers that comprise proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, or the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom. Every amino acid also has another atom or group of atoms bonded to the central atom known as the R group. There are 20 common amino acids present in proteins, each with a different R group. Variation in the amino acid sequence is responsible for...
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Microorganisms rely on proteins as an essential carbon and energy source, particularly in environments with limited polysaccharides or lipids. However, proteins are too large to cross the plasma membrane unaided, necessitating enzymatic degradation. Microbes secrete extracellular proteases and peptidases that hydrolyze proteins into peptides, which can then be transported across the membrane. Once inside the cell, intracellular proteases degrade these peptides into free amino acids, which...
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Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways01:29

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Amino acid biosynthesis is essential for cell growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. Cells generate essential and non-essential amino acids from metabolic intermediates to sustain vital biological functions. These intermediates originate from key metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Important precursors include α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and erythrose-4-phosphate, which...
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Phase II Reactions: Sulfation and Conjugation with α-Amino Acids01:19

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Sulfation and α-amino acid conjugation are two critical biotransformation reactions in drug metabolism. Sulfation, a phase II biotransformation reaction, involves adding a polar sulfate group to a drug, enhancing its water solubility and promoting excretion. This process can either co-occur with or occur independently of glucuronidation. Nonmicrosomal sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the process. The reaction involves 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate or PAPS coenzyme...
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Bone Markings01:26

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Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
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IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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Identifying Amino Acid Overproducers Using Rare-Codon-Rich Markers
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Non-marking Collection of Amino Acids from Fingerprints Using Hydrogels.

Ward van Helmond1,2, Vincent O'Brien3, Robin de Jong2

  • 1Department of Forensic Science, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|July 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel hydrogel method for collecting amino acids from fingerprints. This technique preserves fingerprint details for later visualization while enabling chemical analysis.

Keywords:
Amino acid analysisFingerprintHydrogelNon-markingUPLC-MS

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Fingerprint analysis can reveal donor information through amino acid profiling.
  • Traditional methods for amino acid collection from fingerprints are often destructive to the print itself.
  • Preserving fingerprint ridge detail is crucial for identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a non-destructive method for amino acid profiling of fingerprints.
  • To enhance fingerprint visualization after chemical analysis.
  • To enable detailed chemical analysis of latent fingerprints.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cross-linkable dextran-methacrylate solutions to create hydrogels.
  • Employed hydrogels for the collection of amino acids from fingerprint surfaces.
  • Analyzed collected amino acids using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS).
  • Visualized fingerprints post-collection using cyanoacrylate fuming and basic-yellow dyeing.

Main Results:

  • Successfully collected amino acids from fingerprint residues using hydrogels.
  • Demonstrated that the hydrogel method does not destroy fingerprint ridge detail.
  • Achieved enhanced fingerprint visualization after amino acid collection and analysis.
  • Quantified amino acid profiles from fingerprints with high sensitivity via UPLC-MS.

Conclusions:

  • The developed hydrogel technique offers a dual benefit for forensic analysis.
  • It allows for non-destructive amino acid profiling and improved fingerprint visualization.
  • This method advances the capabilities of latent fingerprint analysis in forensics.