Second malignancies in patients treated for Ewing sarcoma: A systematic review

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Cancer Epidemiology
• Clinical Research

Background:

• Ewing sarcoma treatments carry a known risk of secondary cancers.
• Understanding the incidence, types, and outcomes of these second malignant neoplasms (SMN) is crucial for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and synthesize existing evidence on the risks, types, and outcomes of SMN in patients previously treated for Ewing sarcoma.

Main Methods:

• A systematic review was performed, identifying and analyzing 52 relevant articles.
• Data on cumulative incidence, cancer types, and patient outcomes were extracted and pooled.

Main Results:

• Cumulative SMN incidence ranged from 0.9-8.4% at 5 years and 10.1-20.5% at 30 years post-diagnosis.
• Solid tumors constituted 63.6% of reported SMNs, with acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome being the most frequent single diagnosis, often associated with poor prognosis.

Conclusions:

• Patients treated for Ewing sarcoma are at a substantial and broad risk for developing second malignant neoplasms.
• The findings highlight the need for long-term surveillance and management strategies for these patients.