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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

In Situ Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils
Published on: November 18, 2022
Moisture-Driven Power Generation for Multifunctional Flexible Sensing Systems
Lianhui Li1, Zhigang Chen1, Mingming Hao1
1i-Lab, Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems , Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , 398 Ruoshui Road , Suzhou 215123 , P.R. China.
Abstract:
Flexible self-powered multifunctional sensing systems provide a promising direction for the development of wearable electronics. Although increased efforts have been devoted to developing self-powered integrated devices, the development of flexible and adaptable sensing systems with miniaturized stable power supplies is highly desirable yet greatly challenging. Herein, an ambient moisture-induced self-powered wearable sensing system was fabricated by integrating a porous polydopamine layer with a hydroxy group gradient (called g-PDA) based moisture-enabled power generator and a flexible pressure sensor. Due to the large amount of gradient-distributed free cations (H+) and locally confined anions produced in wide electrode spaces during hydration of the thin porous g-PDA film, the moisture-induced potential and effective output power density of the g-PDA-based power generator rapidly reaches up to 0.52 V and 0.246 mW cm-2, respectively. Importantly, the voltage output within 120 s only has 6% change, and a continuously open-circuit voltage can be maintained after 1900 s of attenuation, which is a breakthrough for the duration of humidity generation. Finally, a self-powered wearable multifunctional sensing system has been demonstrated to be able to provide real-time monitoring of human physiological signals, without an external power supply, which opens new opportunities for future self-powered multifunctional sensing systems.
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