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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Preparation of High-Temperature Sample Grids for Cryo-EM
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Cryo-EM Structures of a Group II Intron Reverse Splicing into DNA.

Daniel B Haack1, Xiaodong Yan1, Cheng Zhang2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

Cell
|July 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Group II introns use retrotransposition to copy DNA. Cryo-EM structures reveal how maturase proteins and domain VI dynamics facilitate DNA integration and suggest a retroelement origin for the spliceosome.

Keywords:
RNA structurecryo-EMgroup II intronmaturaseretroelementribozymespliceosomesplicing

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Group II introns are mobile genetic elements that replicate via retrotransposition.
  • Their catalytic mechanism and the role of maturase proteins in splicing are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structural mechanisms of group II intron reverse splicing into DNA.
  • To determine the role of maturase proteins in intron catalysis.

Main Methods:

  • Two cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of group II intron reverse splicing were determined at 3.6-Å resolution.

Main Results:

  • The branch-site domain VI helix undergoes a significant conformational change (90° swing) during DNA integration.
  • Maturase proteins transiently interact with domain VI, positioning key residues for catalysis.
  • These dynamics are analogous to spliceosomal branch-site helix movements.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides the first direct structural evidence for the maturase's role in group II intron catalysis.
  • The findings support a model where spliceosomal components evolved from retroelements.
  • Domain VI dynamics are crucial for substrate exchange and DNA integration.