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Related Concept Videos

Filtration and Urine Formation01:32

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The function of the kidneys is to filter, reabsorb, secrete, and excrete. Every day the kidneys filter nearly 180 liters of blood, initially removing water and solutes but ultimately returning nearly all filtrates into circulation with the help of osmoregulatory hormones. This process removes wastes and toxins but is also crucial to maintain water and electrolyte levels. Most of these functions are performed by the tiny but numerous nephrons contained within the kidneys.
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Glomerular Filtration: Net Filtration Pressure01:26

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Glomerular filtration, a key process in the kidneys, is regulated by three main pressures: Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure (GBHP), Capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP), and Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP).
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Filtration is a physical separation process that involves passing a suspension through a porous medium to separate solids from fluids. During filtration, solids collect on the porous medium while liquids, also collectively known as the filtrate, pass through. The filtration medium is selected based on the filtration purpose, quantity, and nature of the precipitate. The general criteria for a suitable filtering medium are that it is inert, mechanically strong, nonabsorbent toward dissolved...
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The filtration membrane in the renal system is a highly specialized structure essential for filtering blood. It consists of glomerular capillaries and podocytes, forming a selective barrier that permits the passage of water and small solutes while restricting most plasma proteins and blood cells.
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Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation01:28

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The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function, reflecting the volume of filtrate formed per minute in the kidneys. On average, GFR is approximately 125 mL/min in males and 105 mL/min in females. Maintaining a relatively constant GFR is essential for the kidneys to effectively regulate body fluid homeostasis and maintain extracellular stability.
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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
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Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro
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Dynamic Adaptive Two-Dimensional Supramolecular Assemblies for On-Demand Filtration.

Qi Zhang1, Ruo-Jie Xing1, Wen-Zhi Wang1

  • 1Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.

Iscience
|July 27, 2019
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Summary

Researchers created adaptive 2D supramolecular assemblies using a supramolecular strategy. These materials dynamically adjust pore size with temperature for on-demand nanoparticle filtration and respond to light for reversible assembly.

Keywords:
Materials CharacterizationMaterials SynthesisSupramolecular Materials

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Synthetic two-dimensional (2D) materials offer versatile chemical functionality.
  • Current 2D materials lack stimuli-responsive and adaptive capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel 2D materials with dynamic adaptiveness.
  • To explore supramolecular strategies for creating stimuli-responsive 2D assemblies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a supramolecular strategy for dynamic non-covalent self-assembly.
  • Designed small molecule monomers for controlled self-assembly.
  • Investigated temperature and photo-irradiation stimuli responses.

Main Results:

  • Produced large-area, ultra-thin, porous 2D supramolecular assemblies.
  • Demonstrated adaptive regulation of network density and pore diameter with temperature.
  • Achieved reversible degradation and reformation via photo-irradiation.

Conclusions:

  • Supramolecular strategies are effective for constructing large-scale 2D materials.
  • Developed 2D materials exhibit dynamic alterability and adaptation.
  • Potential applications in on-demand filtration and responsive materials.