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Nutrition and the developing brain: the road to optimizing early neurodevelopment: a systematic review
Katherine M Ottolini1, Nickie Andescavage2,3, Susan Keller4
1Department of Neonatology, 18th Medical Operations Squadron, Kadena AB, Okinawa, Japan.
Pediatric Research
|July 27, 2019
Summary
Fat and energy intake are linked to better brain development in premature infants. Further research is needed to understand the full impact of nutrition on infant brain growth.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal care
- Neurodevelopmental outcomes
- Infant nutrition
Background:
- Neonatal intensive care improves survival rates for premature infants.
- Premature infants face significant risks for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.
- The effect of current nutritional practices on brain development in preterm infants is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the effects of nutrition on postnatal brain development in infants.
- To investigate brain development in both term and preterm infants using advanced imaging techniques.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review was conducted.
- 595 studies were initially screened.
- 22 studies were included in the final qualitative analysis.
Main Results:
- Fat and energy intake correlate with increased brain volume and improved development in premature infants.
- Breast milk and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation are beneficial for term infants.
- The specific benefits for preterm infants require further investigation.
Conclusions:
- Nutritional intake, particularly fats and energy, plays a crucial role in the brain development of premature infants.
- While beneficial in term infants, the impact of breast milk and specific fatty acid supplementation in preterm infants needs more research.
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