Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Protein and Protein Structure

Protein and Protein Structure

Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective. They may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes. Their structures, like their functions, vary greatly. They are all, however, amino acid polymers arranged in a linear sequence.
A protein's shape is critical to its function. For example, an enzyme...

Structural Protein Function

Structural Protein Function

Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity. In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to...

Structural Protein Function

Structural Protein Function

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Bioavailability and Protein-Drug Binding

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Bioavailability and Protein-Drug Binding

When a drug follows nonlinear pharmacokinetics, its bioavailability, the amount of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation, can change with different doses. This is due to the presence of a saturable pathway. The pathway becomes saturated as the drug concentration increases, decreasing the absorption rate. Consequently, the drug's bioavailability may be lower than expected at higher doses.
To quantify the extent of bioavailability, pharmacologists often use a parameter called .

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Causes of Nonlinearity

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Causes of Nonlinearity

Nonlinearity in drug pharmacokinetics is caused by various factors influencing how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Understanding these nonlinear processes is crucial for predicting drug behavior in the body and optimizing drug dosing regimens.
Nonlinear drug absorption can occur when the process is rate-limited by solubility, carrier-mediated transport systems, or saturation of the presystemic gut wall or hepatic metabolism. For instance, high doses of riboflavin...

Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs)

Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs)

Microtubule function and architecture are regulated by an array of specialized proteins called microtubule-associated proteins or MAPs. These proteins are widespread across different organisms and have conserved protein motifs, like the multi-TOG domain for tubulin binding found in the CLASP family of MAPs. Some MAPs are lineage-specific based on their conserved domains. Their functions depend upon the cytoskeletal architecture and cell type they are located within. In-plant cells, a specific...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Ligand-induced conformations and dynamic allosteric motions of IDO1 affecting the recruitment of a protein signaling partner.

Communications chemistry·2025

Same author

Ligand-induced conformational changes in protein molecules detected by sum-frequency generation.

Biophysical journal·2024

Same author

Second harmonic generation detection of Ras conformational changes and discovery of a small molecule binder.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2019

Same author

Second-Harmonic Generation (SHG) for Conformational Measurements: Assay Development, Optimization, and Screening.

Methods in enzymology·2018

Same author

Identification of inactive conformation-selective interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) inhibitors based on second-harmonic generation.

FEBS open bio·2018

Same author

Engineering a Single-Agent Cytokine/Antibody Fusion That Selectively Expands Regulatory T Cells for Autoimmune Disease Therapy.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2018

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Published on: January 3, 2016

Angular Mapping of Protein Structure Using Nonlinear Optical Measurements.

Bason Clancy¹, Ben Moree¹, Joshua Salafsky¹

¹Biodesy, Inc., South San Francisco, California.

Biophysical Journal

|July 28, 2019

Summary

We developed a new optical technique to map protein structure and dynamics in solution. This method reveals distinct protein conformations and structural differences, offering new insights into protein flexibility.

More Related Videos

Biomolecular Imaging of Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles using Multimodal Nonlinear Optical Microscopy

Biomolecular Imaging of Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles using Multimodal Nonlinear Optical Microscopy

Published on: May 16, 2022

High-Throughput Analysis of Optical Mapping Data Using ElectroMap

High-Throughput Analysis of Optical Mapping Data Using ElectroMap

Published on: June 4, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Published on: January 3, 2016

Biomolecular Imaging of Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles using Multimodal Nonlinear Optical Microscopy

Biomolecular Imaging of Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles using Multimodal Nonlinear Optical Microscopy

Published on: May 16, 2022

High-Throughput Analysis of Optical Mapping Data Using ElectroMap

High-Throughput Analysis of Optical Mapping Data Using ElectroMap

Published on: June 4, 2019

Area of Science:

Biophysics
Structural Biology
Optical Spectroscopy

Background:

Proteins are dynamic molecules essential for biological functions, undergoing conformational changes.
Directly measuring protein structural dynamics in solution at room temperature is challenging.
Existing techniques have limitations in resolving specific protein conformations and regions.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a novel optical technique for mapping protein structure and dynamics.
To measure mean angular orientation and distribution width of probes within proteins.
To resolve distinct ligand-protein conformations and identify unresolvable structural regions.

Main Methods:

Utilized second-harmonic generation and two-photon fluorescence.
Employed single-laser excitation for excitation and detection.
Applied the technique to map probe orientation and distribution in dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR).

Main Results:

Successfully mapped mean angular orientation and distribution width of probes in DHFR.
Resolved distinct dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) ligand-protein conformations.
Identified structural differences between DHFR and its point mutant (DHFR-G121V).

Conclusions:

The developed technique, angular mapping of protein structure, provides sensitive, direct measurements.
Enables interrogation of protein regions previously inaccessible to other methods.
Offers rapid determination of previously unseen protein structural aspects in a benchtop system.