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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

High-Throughput Dissociation and Orthotopic Implantation of Breast Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts
Published on: December 20, 2024
Clinical and pathological stage discordance among 433,514 breast cancer patients
Jennifer K Plichta1, Samantha M Thomas2, Amanda R Sergesketter3
1Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
Background:
We aim to determine clinical and pathological stage discordance rates and to evaluate factors associated with discordance.
Methods:
Adults with clinical stages I-III breast cancer were identified from the National Cancer Data Base. Concordance was defined as cTN = pTN (discordance: cTN≠pTN). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with discordance.
Results:
Comparing clinical and pathological stage, 23.1% were downstaged and 8.7% were upstaged. After adjustment, factors associated with downstaging (vs concordance) included grade 3 (OR 10.56, vs grade 1) and HER2-negative (OR 3.79). Factors associated with upstaging (vs concordance) were grade 3 (OR 10.56, vs grade 1), HER2-negative (OR 1.25), and lobular histology (OR 2.47, vs ductal). ER-negative status was associated with stage concordance (vs downstaged or upstaged, OR 0.52 and 0.87).
Conclusions:
Among breast cancer patients, nearly one-third exhibit clinical-pathological stage discordance. This high likelihood of discordance is important to consider for counseling and treatment planning.
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