Horner Syndrome Caused by Internal Jugular Vein Catheterization.

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Vascular Surgery
• Medical Complications

Background:

• Internal jugular vein (IJV) catheterization is a common medical procedure.
• Horner syndrome (HS) is a rare but potential complication of IJV catheterization.
• Understanding the risk factors and clinical presentation of HS post-IJV catheterization is crucial for patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the risk factors, clinical manifestations, and preventive measures of Horner syndrome (HS) following internal jugular vein (IJV) catheterization.
• To analyze case reports to identify patterns and associations related to HS development after IJV procedures.

Main Methods:

• A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted to identify all case reports of HS caused by IJV catheterization.
• Two independent authors extracted data on IJV catheterization methods, clinical features, and patient outcomes.
• Twenty case reports, involving 22 patients, were included in the analysis.

Main Results:

• The most common clinical manifestations of HS were ptosis (100%) and miosis (95%).
• Risk factors identified include repeated puncture attempts, use of the anatomic landmark technique, accidental carotid artery puncture, and hematoma formation.
• Onset of HS symptoms ranged from hours to 19 days post-procedure, with partial recovery noted in several patients.

Conclusions:

• Repeated attempts, anatomic landmark technique, and associated complications like carotid artery puncture or hematoma increase the risk of HS after IJV catheterization.
• Ptosis and miosis are the hallmark signs of HS following this procedure.
• Awareness of these risk factors and early recognition of symptoms are vital for managing HS post-IJV catheterization.