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Plant diversity loss affects stream ecosystem multifunctionality.

Naiara López-Rojo1, Jesús Pozo1, Javier Pérez1

  • 1Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain.

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|July 28, 2019
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Summary

Biodiversity loss impacts stream ecosystem multifunctionality. Detritivores are key, as stream multifunctionality increased with plant diversity when detritivores were present, but decreased when absent.

Keywords:
FPOM productiondetritivore growthdetritus-based streamsecosystem functioninglitter decompositionmultiple processesnutrient cyclingplant diversity

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Ecosystem Science

Background:

  • Global biodiversity loss threatens ecosystem functioning.
  • Ecosystem multifunctionality, the ability to perform multiple processes, is poorly understood under biodiversity loss, especially in streams.
  • Streams are vital for biogeochemical cycles but are impaired by riparian vegetation loss due to global change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how riparian plant diversity loss affects stream ecosystem multifunctionality.
  • To determine the role of detritivores in biodiversity-ecosystem-functioning (BEF) relationships in streams.
  • To uncover mechanisms linking plant diversity to stream processes.

Main Methods:

  • A microcosm experiment simulating riparian plant species loss (four to one).
  • Assessed nine key stream processes: litter decomposition, biomass production, and nutrient cycling.
  • Examined effects in the presence and absence of litter-feeding detritivores.

Main Results:

  • Stream multifunctionality increased with plant diversity when detritivores were present.
  • Multifunctionality decreased with plant diversity in the absence of detritivores.
  • Individual process analysis revealed mechanisms (e.g., indirect nutrient transfer) not apparent in multifunctionality metrics.

Conclusions:

  • Detritivores play a critical role in mediating the relationship between plant diversity and stream multifunctionality.
  • Examining individual ecosystem processes is crucial for understanding the mechanisms behind biodiversity-ecosystem-functioning relationships.
  • Biodiversity loss impairs stream functioning, with detritivores being key to maintaining multifunctionality.