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Novel Object Recognition Test for the Investigation of Learning and Memory in Mice
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Age-related differences in appetitive trace conditioning and novel object recognition procedures.

Hayley J Marshall1, Marie A Pezze1, Kevin C F Fone1

  • 1University of Nottingham, Psychology, University Park, Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom.

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
|July 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Middle-aged rats show some working memory decline but can overcome age-related impairments through experience, despite reduced activity and striatal neurochemical changes.

Keywords:
Dorsal striatumHPLC-EDMedial prefrontal cortexNucleus accumbensRatTrace conditioning

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Age-related cognitive decline is a significant concern.
  • Working memory impairments are common in aging.
  • Trace conditioning (TC) and novel object recognition (NOR) are sensitive measures of cognitive function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related working memory impairments in rats using TC and NOR.
  • To compare cognitive performance in younger-adult and middle-aged rats.
  • To explore the impact of experience on age-related cognitive changes.

Main Methods:

  • Appetitive trace conditioning (TC) and novel object recognition (NOR) tasks were administered to younger-adult and middle-aged male Wistar rats over six months.
  • Behavioral performance was assessed across different trace intervals (2s and 10s) and retention intervals (10 min and 24h).
  • Neurochemical analysis (HPLC-ED) of the dorsal striatum was performed at the study's conclusion.

Main Results:

  • Both age groups improved in TC at the 2s trace interval, but not the 10s interval.
  • Middle-aged rats showed reduced daily improvement in TC (2s interval) and impaired NOR at a 24h retention interval.
  • Object exploration decreased longitudinally in middle-aged rats, and reduced dorsal striatal 5-HIAA/5-HT levels were observed.
  • Age-related impairments in TC and NOR were evident, alongside reduced activity and specific neurochemical alterations in middle-aged rats.

Conclusions:

  • Experience can help overcome age-related working memory impairments, even with reduced activity and neurochemical changes.
  • Cognitive recovery suggests plasticity in aging brains.
  • Findings highlight the complex interplay between experience, neurochemistry, and cognitive function during aging.