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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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The work done by an external force on a particle changes its kinetic energy. However, internal forces must also be considered for a system of interacting particles. The potential energy formulation helps formulate the effect of internal forces. The net work done by an external force can be written in terms of the total change of mechanical energy, which includes both kinetic and potential energies.
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Newton's first law states that a net external force causes a change in motion. External forces act on an object or system, originating outside of the object or system. In contrast, internal forces originate inside the system of interest and do not lead to any acceleration. In simpler words, internal forces are forces that act on one part of an object and are exerted by another part of the same object. External forces are forces that act on an object due to some other object. Therefore, when...
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MicroRNA Expression Profiles in External Cervical Resorption.

Mary T Pettiette1, Shaoping Zhang2, Antonio J Moretti3

  • 1Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

Journal of Endodontics
|July 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

External cervical resorption (ECR) has unique microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles compared to chronic periodontitis. These differentially expressed miRNAs target genes involved in inflammation, immunity, and mineralized tissue metabolism.

Keywords:
Chronic periodontitisexternal cervical resorptioninflammationmicroRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • External cervical resorption (ECR) presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to unknown etiology and pathogenesis.
  • MicroRNA (miRNA) expression patterns in ECR lesions remain largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize miRNA expression in human ECR tissues.
  • To identify potential messenger RNA (mRNA) targets and associated biological pathways for ECR.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) array analysis of 88 miRNAs in ECR, chronic periodontitis (CP), and control tissues.
  • Bioinformatic analyses (miRWalk, KEGG pathways) to predict mRNA targets and signaling pathways.
  • Statistical analysis (Student t test) to identify differentially expressed miRNAs.

Main Results:

  • Three miRNAs (miR-20a-5p, miR-210-3p, miR-99a-4p) were downregulated, and one (miR-122-5p) was upregulated in ECR.
  • ECR and CP exhibited distinct miRNA expression profiles, with 3 differentially expressed miRNAs identified between them.
  • Predicted pathways modulated by miRNAs in ECR include glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, mineral absorption, and insulin signaling.

Conclusions:

  • ECR exhibits unique miRNA expression profiles compared to CP, suggesting distinct pathobiology.
  • Differentially expressed miRNAs in ECR are predicted to target genes regulating inflammation, immunity, and mineralized tissue metabolism.
  • This study provides a foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying ECR.