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Water use efficiency of Irish dairy processing.

M-J Yan1, N M Holden1

  • 1UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.

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|July 29, 2019
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Summary

Improving water use efficiency is critical for Irish dairy processors. This study identified key areas for reducing water consumption and environmental impact in butter and milk powder production.

Keywords:
dairy processingeutrophicationlife cycle assessmentwastewater

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Industrial Ecology
  • Sustainable Manufacturing

Background:

  • Dairy processing is water-intensive, incurring significant costs for water withdrawal, distribution, and wastewater treatment.
  • Stringent environmental regulations and peak production demands necessitate improved water use efficiency in the Irish dairy sector.
  • Understanding water use and its environmental impacts is crucial for sustainable dairy production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a detailed analysis of water use efficiency in four Irish dairy processing plants.
  • To assess on-site water data quality and investigate gate-to-gate volumetric water use and eutrophication potential (EP) for butter and milk powders.
  • To identify key influencers of on-site water use and opportunities for increased water use efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Farm gate to processor gate (gate-to-gate) life cycle assessment (LCA) was employed.
  • On-site water use, water balance, and wastewater nutrient loads were benchmarked.
  • Influencers of on-site water use were analyzed, and gate-to-gate volumetric water use and EP were quantified for specific dairy products.

Main Results:

  • Condensate from evaporation was a significant water input (0.51–1.14 L/L fresh water).
  • Gate-to-gate water use: butter (1,326–1,843 m³/t solids), milk powders (3,006–3,754 m³/t solids), with electricity and ingredients as major contributors.
  • Eutrophication potential (EP): butter (0.51–0.77 kg PO₄ eq/t solids), milk powders (0.96–3.35 kg PO₄ eq/t solids), influenced by transportation and wastewater treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Milk intake water use and leakages are critical on-site hotspots for water reduction.
  • Opportunities exist in optimizing operator behavior, water reuse, off-site transportation, and energy consumption.
  • Comprehensive metering is essential for improving water use efficiency amidst dairy production expansion; off-site factors significantly impact overall water use and environmental footprint.