Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of PI Control01:27

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of PI Control

403
Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers are essential in many control systems to improve stability and performance. They are commonly used in everyday devices like thermostats to enhance system damping and reduce steady-state error. When the zero in the controller's transfer function is optimally placed, the system benefits significantly in terms of stability and accuracy.
Acting as a low-pass filter, the PI controller slows the system's response and extends settling times. This requires...
403
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

435
Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...
435
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

397
Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any...
397
Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain01:26

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain

360
Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear....
360
Frequency-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:24

Frequency-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

356
Proportional-Derivative (PD) controllers are widely used in fan control systems to improve stability and performance. A fan control system can be effectively represented using a Bode plot to illustrate the impact of a PD controller through its transfer function. The Bode plot visually conveys how PD control modifies the fan's response across various frequencies, providing a frequency domain interpretation of the controller's behavior.
The proportional control gain, combined with the...
356
Linear Approximation in Time Domain01:21

Linear Approximation in Time Domain

354
Nonlinear systems often require sophisticated approaches for accurate modeling and analysis, with state-space representation being particularly effective. This method is especially useful for systems where variables and parameters vary with time or operating conditions, such as in a simple pendulum or a translational mechanical system with nonlinear springs.
For a simple pendulum with a mass evenly distributed along its length and the center of mass located at half the pendulum's length,...
354

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evaluation of ultrasonic transducer response and structural integrity using coded photoacoustic imaging.

Ultrasonics·2026
Same author

Spectral Content Effects Study in Non-Contact Resonance Ultrasound Spectroscopy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Self-Test of Air-Coupled Probe for Sensitivity Map Production Using Parabolic Reflector.

IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control·2024
Same author

The Assessment of Calcium and Bleomycin Cytotoxic Efficiency in Relation to Cavitation Dosimetry.

Pharmaceutics·2023
Same author

Ultrasonic needle hydrophone calibration in air by a parabolic off-axis mirror focused beam using three-transducer reciprocity.

Ultrasonics·2023
Same author

Miniature Ferroelectret Microphone Design and Performance Evaluation Using Laser Excitation.

IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

The Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Technique for Thermal Property Measurements
09:10

The Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Technique for Thermal Property Measurements

Published on: December 5, 2025

591

Review on Time Delay Estimate Subsample Interpolation in Frequency Domain.

Linas Svilainis

    IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
    |July 29, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Accurate time-of-flight estimation in ultrasonic applications is crucial. This study introduces a frequency-domain method for subsample interpolation, eliminating bias errors and improving accuracy, especially in noisy conditions.

    More Related Videos

    Luminescence Lifetime Imaging of O2 with a Frequency-Domain-Based Camera System
    08:35

    Luminescence Lifetime Imaging of O2 with a Frequency-Domain-Based Camera System

    Published on: December 16, 2019

    9.8K
    Leaf Area Index Estimation Using Three Distinct Methods in Pure Deciduous Stands
    09:04

    Leaf Area Index Estimation Using Three Distinct Methods in Pure Deciduous Stands

    Published on: August 29, 2019

    14.1K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

    The Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Technique for Thermal Property Measurements
    09:10

    The Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Technique for Thermal Property Measurements

    Published on: December 5, 2025

    591
    Luminescence Lifetime Imaging of O2 with a Frequency-Domain-Based Camera System
    08:35

    Luminescence Lifetime Imaging of O2 with a Frequency-Domain-Based Camera System

    Published on: December 16, 2019

    9.8K
    Leaf Area Index Estimation Using Three Distinct Methods in Pure Deciduous Stands
    09:04

    Leaf Area Index Estimation Using Three Distinct Methods in Pure Deciduous Stands

    Published on: August 29, 2019

    14.1K

    Area of Science:

    • Acoustics
    • Signal Processing
    • Metrology

    Background:

    • Time-of-flight (delay) estimation is vital in ultrasonic applications.
    • Current methods using sampled signals have limited resolution and interpolation techniques can introduce bias errors.
    • Accurate, bias-free subsample estimation is required for enhanced precision.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a bias-free subsample estimation technique for time-of-flight.
    • To analyze algorithmic implementations in the frequency domain.
    • To compare performance against existing interpolation methods.

    Main Methods:

    • Subsample estimation in the frequency domain based on cross-correlation peak position.
    • Phase manipulation of cross-correlation response to achieve linear inclination proportional to delay.
    • Development and analysis of twelve algorithmic implementations.
    • Bias and random error analysis using simulations and MATLAB.

    Main Results:

    • Frequency domain interpolation eliminates bias errors in time-of-flight estimation.
    • Noise performance is comparable or superior to spline approximation, cosine interpolation, and carrier phase methods.
    • Weighted regression using L2 norm minimization demonstrated the best performance, with total errors within 3% of the theoretical lower bound.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed frequency-domain method provides accurate and bias-free subsample time-of-flight estimation.
    • This technique offers improved or comparable noise performance over existing methods.
    • Weighted regression is identified as the optimal implementation for minimizing total errors in ultrasonic delay estimation.