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Related Concept Videos

Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

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All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
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Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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The Hyoid Bone01:12

The Hyoid Bone

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The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
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Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

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Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Bone Pathology for Hematopathologists.

Deniz Peker1, Shi Wei1, Gene P Siegal1

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA.

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Summary

Bone pathology presents diagnostic challenges, especially for hematopathologists, due to similarities between bone and blood cancers. This review clarifies key bone disorders in the differential diagnosis of hematologic diseases.

Keywords:
Ewing sarcomaLangerhans cell histiocytosisMastocytosisMesenchymal chondrosarcomaOsteomyelitisOsteosarcomaPlasmacytomaRosai-Dorfman disease

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Area of Science:

  • Skeletal system pathology
  • Hematopathology
  • Differential diagnosis

Background:

  • Bone is a dynamic tissue susceptible to various pathologies including inflammatory, metabolic, genetic, reactive, circulatory, and neoplastic conditions.
  • Hematopathologists face challenges distinguishing hematologic malignancies from primary or metastatic bone lesions.
  • Similarities exist between plasmacytic disorders and osteoblastic tumors, and between lymphoma/leukemia and round cell bone tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a conceptual and practical overview of bone disorders.
  • To aid in the differential diagnosis of hematologic diseases presenting with bone lesions.
  • To highlight challenging areas where bone pathology mimics hematologic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of selective bone disorders.
  • Conceptual and practical overview.
  • Focus on differential diagnosis with hematologic diseases.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific bone pathologies that mimic hematologic conditions.
  • Provided examples of diagnostic challenges, such as plasmacytic disorders vs. osteoblastic tumors.
  • Detailed the differential diagnosis between lymphoma/leukemia and round cell tumors of bone.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding bone pathology is crucial for accurate diagnosis in hematologic cases.
  • Distinguishing primary bone lesions from metastatic or primary hematologic disease is essential.
  • This overview serves as a guide for navigating complex differential diagnoses in bone pathology.