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Multiple Reinventions of Mating-type Switching during Budding Yeast Evolution.

Tadeusz Krassowski1, Jacek Kominek2, Xing-Xing Shen3

  • 1Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; Laboratory of Genetics, Genome Center of Wisconsin, Wisconsin Energy Institute, J.F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

Current Biology : CB
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PubMed
Summary

Budding yeasts exhibit diverse mating systems. This study reveals mating-type switching evolved independently at least 11 times, with homothallism frequently arising from heterothallism in yeast evolution.

Keywords:
DNA rearrangementMATlocusbudding yeastcomparative genomicsevolutionhomothallismmating-type switching

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Mycology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Yeast cell type is determined by the mating-type (MAT) locus.
  • Heterothallic yeasts have stable MATa and MATα mating types, while homothallic yeasts can switch mating types.
  • The evolutionary history of yeast mating compatibility systems and mating-type switching is largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To infer the mating compatibility systems of 332 budding yeast species using genome sequences.
  • To detect evolutionary transitions between homothallism and heterothallism.
  • To understand the origins and evolution of mating-type switching mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenomic analysis of 332 budding yeast species.
  • Reconstruction of evolutionary history and transitions between mating systems.
  • Comparative analysis of mating-type switching mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Mating-type switching has arisen independently at least 11 times in yeast evolution.
  • Transitions from heterothallism to homothallism (31 events) are far more common than the reverse (3 events).
  • The complex MAT-HML-HMR switching mechanism originated once, but simpler "flip/flop" switching evolved independently in at least 10 other groups.

Conclusions:

  • Homothallism and mating-type switching appear to have significant adaptive value for unicellular fungi.
  • Yeast mating systems have undergone numerous independent evolutionary transitions.
  • Multiple, distinct mechanisms for mating-type switching have evolved across the yeast phylogeny.