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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

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Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
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Aortic Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management01:17

Aortic Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management

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A nurse managing a patient with aortic regurgitation begins with a comprehensive assessment, including a review of the patient's medical history, family history, and lifestyle factors. During the cardiac examination, the nurse listens for heart sounds and checks for signs of valve abnormalities. The nurse also observes for symptoms such as dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and assesses the patient's endurance and daily activity tolerance.Based on the findings, the nurse...
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Cell Size01:22

Cell Size

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Cell sizes vary widely among and within organisms. Bacterial cells range between 1-10 micrometers (μm)and are considerably smaller than most eukaryotic cells. The smallest bacteria are 0.1 μm in diameter—about a thousand times smaller than eukaryotic cells, which typically range from 10-100 μm.
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Molecular Shapes

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Molecules have characteristic shapes that are crucial for their function. The arrangement of various electron groups around the central atom dictates their molecular geometry. Electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between the electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The valence electrons form either bonding pairs, located primarily between bonded atoms, or lone pairs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Standardized Technique of Aortic Valve Re-implantation for Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement
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Aortic root sizing for transcatheter aortic valve implantation using a shape model parameterisation.

Bart Bosmans1,2,3, Toon Huysmans4,5, Patricia Lopes6,7,8

  • 1KULeuven, Faculty of Engineering Science, Departement of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics Section, Celestijnenlaan 300C, 3001, Leuven, Belgium. bart.bosmans@materialise.be.

Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing
|July 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a semi-automatic method to determine optimal transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) device size using patient-specific aortic root geometry. The approach shows potential for improving implant sizing and reducing complications like leakage.

Keywords:
Aortic root sizingStatistical shape modellingTranscatheter aortic valve implantation

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Improved Registration of 3D CT Angiography with X-ray Fluoroscopy for Image Fusion During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
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Improved Registration of 3D CT Angiography with X-ray Fluoroscopy for Image Fusion During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular medicine
  • Medical imaging
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) involves placing axisymmetric devices into irregularly shaped aortic roots.
  • Incorrect device sizing during TAVI can lead to complications, including paravalvular leakage.
  • Accurate sizing is crucial for successful TAVI outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a method for determining optimal TAVI device size based on patient-specific aortic root anatomy.
  • To utilize computed tomography (CT) scan data for creating a statistical shape model of the aortic root.
  • To reduce complications associated with suboptimal TAVI device sizing.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a statistical shape model from pre-interventional CT scans of 89 patients.
  • Utilizing principal component weights and aortic valve calcification volume as input parameters for a classification algorithm.
  • Training the algorithm on patients with no or mild leakage and applying it to those with moderate to severe leakage.
  • Employing a random forest classifier for size assignment and cross-validation.

Main Results:

  • The random forest classifier achieved 65 ± 7% accuracy in assigning the same size for training cases.
  • The algorithm recommended a different size for 57 ± 8% of patients experiencing moderate to severe leakage.
  • This indicates potential for improved sizing in complex aortic root anatomies.

Conclusions:

  • A semi-automatic method using 3D aortic root shape analysis shows promise for optimizing TAVI device sizing.
  • Further research is needed to confirm if this method improves clinical outcomes in TAVI patients.
  • This approach could potentially minimize paravalvular leakage and other sizing-related complications.