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A Polyaniline-based Sensor of Nucleic Acids
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Synthesizing Polyaniline With Laccase/O2 as Catalyst.

Peter Walde1, Keita Kashima1,2, Gordana Ćirić-Marjanović3

  • 1Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
|July 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Enzymatic synthesis of polyaniline emeraldine salt (PANI-ES) using laccase and oxygen offers an eco-friendly alternative. Soft dynamic templates enhance PANI-ES production by guiding radical reactions, mimicking natural processes.

Keywords:
anilineenzymelaccaseligninperoxidasepolyanilinepolymerizationtemplate

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biocatalysis
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Polyaniline (PANI) synthesis typically involves chemical or electrochemical methods, yielding varied molecular structures and properties.
  • Electrically conductive PANI, specifically the emeraldine salt (PANI-ES) form, is desired for numerous applications.
  • Enzymatic synthesis presents an environmentally friendly approach to PANI-ES production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the enzymatic synthesis of polyaniline emeraldine salt (PANI-ES) using laccase and molecular oxygen.
  • To investigate the role of soft dynamic templates in enhancing PANI-ES yield and quality.
  • To draw parallels between template-directed synthesis and natural biopolymer formation.

Main Methods:

  • Enzymatic polymerization of aniline and p-aminodiphenylamine (PADPA) using laccase and O2 in aqueous media.
  • Utilizing soft dynamic templates such as anionic polyelectrolytes, micelles, and vesicles.
  • Analysis of reaction mechanisms involving enzymatic radical intermediates and template-guided follow-up reactions.

Main Results:

  • Laccase-catalyzed polymerization with O2 provides an environmentally benign route to PANI-ES.
  • Soft dynamic templates significantly improve the yield of PANI-ES-rich products.
  • Template effects are analogous to 'dirigent protein' roles in lignin biosynthesis, controlling radical reactions.

Conclusions:

  • Enzymatic synthesis using laccase/O2 is a sustainable method for producing PANI-ES.
  • Soft dynamic templates are effective in directing enzymatic polymerization for improved PANI-ES synthesis.
  • The findings offer insights into bio-inspired materials synthesis and control over polymerization processes.