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Related Concept Videos

Solvents01:12

Solvents

70.1K
A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
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Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents01:16

Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents

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Most acid-base titrations are performed in an aqueous medium. In aqueous titrations, water competes with weaker acids or bases for proton donation or acceptance, leading to ambiguous endpoints in the titration curve. Water also affects the partial ionization of weak acids or bases. For example, water accepts a proton from acetic acid to form hydronium and acetate ions. The hydronium ion formed is a stronger acid than acetic acid, and the acetate ion is a stronger base than water. As a result,...
1.3K
Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

1.3K
In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
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Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Hemoperfusion and Hemofiltration01:25

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Hemoperfusion and Hemofiltration

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Hemoperfusion and hemofiltration are critical techniques in medical treatments to eliminate accumulated drugs, metabolites, and electrolytes from the bloodstream. These methods are particularly vital in cases of accidental poisoning and drug overdose.Hemoperfusion involves passing blood through an adsorbent material to remove unwanted substances. The main adsorbents used in hemoperfusion include activated charcoal and Amberlite resins. Activated charcoal can adsorb both polar and nonpolar...
200
Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis01:30

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis

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Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or those experiencing drug overdose often require extracorporeal methods to eliminate accumulated drugs and metabolites. Hemoperfusion, hemofiltration, and dialysis are the primary techniques to rapidly remove harmful substances without disrupting the patient's fluid and electrolyte balance. For those with compromised renal function, dosage adjustments of concurrent medications may be necessary during extracorporeal drug removal.Dialysis is a process...
440
Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy01:26

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

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Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is an essential intervention for patients experiencing severe kidney dysfunction. This therapy offers a continuous mechanism for removing fluids and toxins from the bloodstream, leveraging the patient’s blood pressure to facilitate filtration through a specialized filter. This method contrasts with intermittent dialysis, providing a gentler and more consistent removal of waste products and excess fluid, which is particularly beneficial in...
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Related Experiment Video

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Visualizing Angiogenesis by Multiphoton Microscopy In Vivo in Genetically Modified 3D-PLGA/nHAp Scaffold for Calvarial Critical Bone Defect Repair
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Visualizing Angiogenesis by Multiphoton Microscopy In Vivo in Genetically Modified 3D-PLGA/nHAp Scaffold for Calvarial Critical Bone Defect Repair

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3D Printing Bioactive PLGA Scaffolds Using DMSO as a Removable Solvent.

Ting Guo1,2, Casey Lim1,2, Maeesha Noshin1,2

  • 1Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.

Bioprinting (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|July 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel low-temperature 3D bioprinting method using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to embed growth factors in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffolds, enabling inducible stem cell differentiation for regenerative medicine.

Keywords:
bioactive scaffolddifferentiationlow temperature 3D printingmesenchymal stem cellspoly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Current 3D bioprinting methods often use high temperatures, degrading bioactive molecules and limiting scaffold functionality.
  • Incorporating growth factors into scaffolds is crucial for directing mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation in regenerative medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a low-temperature 3D bioprinting technique for fabricating poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds with preserved growth factor bioactivity.
  • To evaluate the mechanical properties and cellular response of PLGA scaffolds printed using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).

Main Methods:

  • Extrusion-based 3D bioprinting of PLGA scaffolds using DMSO as a processing aid for low-temperature printing.
  • Mechanical testing (compressive and tensile) of PLGA scaffolds with and without DMSO.
  • In vitro evaluation of human MSC response to growth factor-loaded scaffolds after DMSO evaporation.

Main Results:

  • PLGA scaffolds printed with DMSO exhibited significantly different mechanical properties, including enhanced stretchability.
  • DMSO evaporation post-printing ensured no cytotoxic effects on seeded human MSCs.
  • Growth factor incorporation into scaffolds promoted MSC differentiation into chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic lineages.

Conclusions:

  • Dimethyl sulfoxide enables low-temperature 3D bioprinting of bioactive scaffolds, preserving growth factor functionality.
  • This technique advances regenerative medicine by allowing for the creation of sophisticated, therapeutic tissue engineering constructs.
  • The developed method offers new therapeutic possibilities for treating damaged or deteriorating tissues using 3D printing.