Low-coordinate first-row transition metal complexes in catalysis and small molecule activation

Area of Science:

• Coordination chemistry
• Organometallic chemistry
• Catalysis

Background:

• Historically, synthesizing transition metal complexes with low coordination numbers using sterically demanding ligands has been a key area of chemical research.
• These challenging syntheses have historically advanced our understanding of chemical bonding and reactivity.
• Recent efforts focus on utilizing these reactive complexes with earth-abundant metals for practical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• This perspective highlights transition metal complexes with low coordination numbers.
• It showcases their application in catalysis.
• It details their role in activating small molecules with strong bonds, including nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon monoxide (CO).

Main Methods:

• The study is a perspective, involving a review of existing literature.
• It focuses on selected examples of transition metal complexes.
• Emphasis is placed on complexes that exhibit low coordination numbers.

Main Results:

• Selected examples of low coordination number transition metal complexes are presented.
• These complexes demonstrate utility in various catalytic transformations.
• Their effectiveness in activating small molecules like N2, CO2, and CO is highlighted.

Conclusions:

• Low coordination number transition metal complexes are valuable tools in modern chemistry.
• These complexes, particularly those based on earth-abundant metals, offer promising avenues for catalysis.
• Their ability to activate strong-bond small molecules is crucial for developing new chemical transformations.