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Related Concept Videos

Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina00:55

Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina

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Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins with high molecular mass found in the extracellular matrix. Each laminin molecule is composed of three chains, viz. alpha, beta, and gamma, coded by five, four, and three paralogous genes, respectively. Laminins are categories based on the compositions of the three chains.
In humans, the five forms of alpha chains are LAMA 1, LAMA 2, LAMA 3, LAMA 4, and LAMA 5. The four forms of beta chains are LAMB 1, LAMB 2, LAMB 3, and LAMB 4. The three forms of gamma...
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Basal Lamina are the Specialized Form of ECM01:03

Basal Lamina are the Specialized Form of ECM

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The basal lamina is a thin extracellular layer that lies underneath the cells and separates them from other tissues. The three layers of the basal lamina are lamina lucida, lamina densa and lamina reticularis. The basal lamina, a mixture of glycoproteins and collagen, provides an attachment site for the epithelium, separating it from underlying connective tissue. The framework of basal lamina has other essential proteins such as laminins mesh, perlecan, entactin, and type IV collagen.
Proteins...
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Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina01:05

Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina

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Type IV collagen is a 400 nm long, network-forming collagen that acts as a barrier between the epithelial and endothelial cells. Type IV collagen  forms the backbone of the basement membrane by scaffolding with laminin, entactin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. Apart from rendering structural support to the basement membrane, it also helps entail signaling potentials necessary for both pathological and physiological functions.
A type IV collagen molecule has six alpha chains which can...
3.0K
What are Cells?01:07

What are Cells?

197.4K
Cells are the smallest and basic units of life, whether it is a single cell that forms the entire organism, e.g., in a bacterium or trillions of them, e.g., in humans. No matter what organism a cell is a part of, they share specific characteristics.
Basic Characteristics of Cells
A living cell has a plasma membrane, a bilayer of lipids that separates the aqueous solution inside the cell called the cytoplasm from the outside environment.
Furthermore, a living cell possesses genetic information...
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Concentration Cells02:41

Concentration Cells

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A concentration cell is a type of a  voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
Consider the following voltaic cell:
25.6K
What is Cell Signaling?02:03

What is Cell Signaling?

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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.
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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Modeling Spontaneous Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma mRCC in Mice Following Nephrectomy
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Modeling Spontaneous Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma mRCC in Mice Following Nephrectomy

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Metastatic Basal Cell Carcinoma.

Alvaro C Laga1, Inga Marie Schaefer1, Lynette M Sholl1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

American Journal of Clinical Pathology
|July 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing metastatic basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is difficult due to its rarity. This study identified three distinct patterns of metastasis and emphasized molecular testing for accurate diagnosis of this rare cancer.

Keywords:
Basal cell carcinomaBoneLungLymph nodeMetastasis

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A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatopathology

Background:

  • Metastatic basal cell carcinoma (BCC) diagnosis is challenging due to its rarity.
  • Accurate recognition is crucial with emerging targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the histomorphologic and molecular features of metastatic BCC.
  • To improve diagnostic accuracy for metastatic BCC.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 11 metastatic BCC cases over 13 years.
  • Histomorphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic analyses were performed.
  • Comparison of primary and metastatic tumor characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct morphologic patterns of metastasis were identified.
  • Seven cases showed typical BCC features; two showed squamous differentiation.
  • Two cases displayed poorly differentiated carcinoma features, with one confirmed by PTCH1 mutation analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Metastatic BCC can present with diverse morphologic patterns.
  • Ancillary molecular testing, such as PTCH1 mutation analysis, is valuable for definitive diagnosis.
  • Understanding these patterns aids in the diagnosis of rare metastatic BCC.