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Psychogenic (Functional) Movement Disorders.

Mary Ann Thenganatt, Joseph Jankovic

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|July 30, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing psychogenic movement disorders relies on clinical examination, noting variability and distractibility. A multidisciplinary team approach is key for managing these functional movement disorders effectively.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Neuroscience
Psychiatry

Background:

Psychogenic movement disorders (PMDs), also known as functional movement disorders, encompass a range of conditions including tremor, dystonia, and parkinsonism.
These disorders present with movement patterns incongruent with established pathophysiologic (organic) disease.
The exact pathophysiology of PMDs remains incompletely understood, though psychological and physical stressors are often implicated.

Observation:

Diagnosis relies on identifying specific clinical features such as variability, inconsistency, suggestibility, distractibility, and suppressibility during neurologic examination.
Neurophysiologic and imaging studies can offer supplementary evidence to support the clinical diagnosis.
The presentation can include tremor, dystonia, myoclonus, parkinsonism, and disturbances in speech and gait.

Findings:

The diagnosis of psychogenic movement disorders is primarily based on clinical examination findings.
Positive diagnostic signs include fluctuating symptoms, distractibility, and suggestibility.
Supporting evidence can be gathered from neurophysiologic testing and neuroimaging.

Implications:

A multidisciplinary approach involving neurologists, psychiatrists, and therapists is crucial for optimal patient outcomes.
Insight-oriented therapies and pharmacologic treatments can be beneficial.
Effective management requires a comprehensive strategy addressing both neurological and psychological aspects.