Are Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters Suitable for Cardiac Output Assessment With Transpulmonary

Sonia D'Arrigo1, Claudio Sandroni2, Sofia Cacciola1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Insights

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) overestimate hemodynamic measurements like cardiac index when used for transpulmonary thermodilution. This overestimation is more pronounced with double-lumen PICCs, impacting critical care monitoring accuracy.

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Medical Device Technology

Background:

  • Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are increasingly utilized in intensive care units (ICUs) for intravenous infusions.
  • The reliability of PICCs for hemodynamic monitoring using transpulmonary thermodilution remains uncertain.
  • Accurate hemodynamic assessment is crucial for managing critically ill patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the agreement between transpulmonary thermodilution measurements obtained via PICC and central venous catheters (CVCs).
  • To assess the accuracy of hemodynamic monitoring using a Pulse Contour system (VolumeView/EV1000) calibrated with transpulmonary thermodilution via PICCs.
  • To determine if PICC size and lumen configuration affect measurement reliability.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective method-comparison study was conducted in a 20-bed medical-surgical ICU.
  • Twenty adult ICU patients with hemodynamic instability and both PICC and CVC in place were enrolled.
  • Transpulmonary thermodilution measurements were compared using bolus injections through CVCs (reference) and 4F single-lumen or 5F double-lumen PICCs, with both manual and automated injection systems.

Main Results:

  • Use of a 5F double-lumen PICC led to significant overestimation of cardiac index (31% bias) compared to CVC.
  • Global end-diastolic index, extravascular lung water index, and stroke volume index were also significantly overestimated with the 5F double-lumen PICC.
  • A 4F single-lumen PICC showed less, but still significant, overestimation of cardiac index (12.7% bias).
  • Differences persisted even with automated injection, confirming reliability issues.

Conclusions:

  • Bolus injection via PICCs for transpulmonary thermodilution with the EV1000 system results in significant overestimation of key hemodynamic parameters.
  • The overestimation is more severe with 5F double-lumen PICCs, questioning their suitability for accurate hemodynamic monitoring.
  • Clinical decisions based on these measurements may be compromised, necessitating caution when using PICCs for this purpose.
Abstract

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