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Passive filters are utilized to shape the frequency spectrum of signals across a diverse array of applications. These filters, using only passive elements like resistors (R), inductors (L), and capacitors (C), are capable of selectively allowing or blocking certain frequency ranges without the need for external power sources.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Quantification of Oculomotor Responses and Accommodation Through Instrumentation and Analysis Toolboxes
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Effect of spatial filtering on accommodation.

Pablo Sanz Diez1, Arne Ohlendorf1, Frank Schaeffel2

  • 1Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Turnstrasse 27, 73430 Aalen, Germany; Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.

Vision Research
|July 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that mid-spatial frequencies are most effective for stimulating the accommodation response (AR). Myopic individuals require higher spatial frequencies to achieve a similar AR compared to emmetropes.

Keywords:
AccommodationEccentric photorefractionMyopiaSpatial frequency

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Area of Science:

  • Vision science
  • Ophthalmology
  • Physiological optics

Background:

  • The accommodation response (AR) is crucial for clear vision.
  • Understanding the visual stimuli that trigger AR is important for visual optics research.
  • Spatial frequency content of images is a key visual parameter.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel method using natural images to assess the impact of spatial frequency on the accommodation response (AR).
  • To determine the minimum spatial frequency threshold required to elicit an AR.
  • To investigate potential differences in spatial frequency requirements for AR between myopic and emmetropic individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Digital manipulation of image blur in the Fourier domain using Sinc function filtering.
  • A two-step experimental procedure to identify the AR-inducing spatial frequency.
  • Continuous monitoring of AR using eccentric infrared photorefraction at a 60 Hz sampling rate under monocular viewing.

Main Results:

  • An average Sinc-blur of 5.57 ± 4.67 cycles per degree (cpd) was found to evoke accommodation.
  • Myopic subjects required significantly higher spatial frequencies (mean λ = 9.33 ± 4.99 cpd) to stimulate accommodation compared to emmetropic subjects (mean λ = 2.75 ± 0.97 cpd).
  • Accommodation was not evoked by Sinc-blur of 1 cpd.

Conclusions:

  • The accommodation response is most effectively stimulated by mid-spatial frequencies.
  • Myopic individuals may need higher spatial frequencies to elicit an accommodation response compared to emmetropes.
  • The developed method provides a reliable way to study the relationship between spatial frequency and accommodation.