Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Generalized Hooke's Law01:22

Generalized Hooke's Law

2.7K
The generalized Hooke's Law is a broadened version of Hooke's Law, which extends to all types of stress and in every direction. Consider an isotropic material shaped into a cube subjected to multiaxial loading. In this scenario, normal stresses are exerted along the three coordinate axes. As a result of these stresses, the cubic shape deforms into a rectangular parallelepiped. Despite this deformation, the new shape maintains equal sides, and there is a normal strain in the direction of the...
2.7K
Generalized Anxiety Disorder01:30

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

655
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
655
Conjugate Addition (1,4-Addition) vs Direct Addition (1,2-Addition)01:27

Conjugate Addition (1,4-Addition) vs Direct Addition (1,2-Addition)

4.2K
α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds with two electrophilic sites, the carbonyl carbon, and the β carbon, are susceptible to nucleophilic attack via two modes: conjugate or 1,4-addition and direct or 1,2-addition.
Conjugate addition results in a thermodynamically stable product. The reaction retains the stronger C=O bond at the expense of the weaker C=C π bond. The process is slow as the β carbon is less electrophilic than the carbonyl carbon.
Direct addition products are...
4.2K
Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other01:20

Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other

237
According to George Herbert Mead, as children progress beyond the game stage, they develop a more comprehensive understanding of societal rules and norms. This cognitive and social development enables them to internalize the expectations of the broader community, refining their ability to regulate behavior.Consistent participation in organized activities is crucial in helping children recognize that their actions are not isolated but contribute to a more significant, interconnected group...
237
Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction01:24

Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction

1.4K
Generalization, discrimination, and extinction are key concepts in operant conditioning that influence how behaviors are learned and maintained.
Generalization occurs when a behavior reinforced in one context is performed in similar situations. For instance, a student who studies diligently for calculus and receives excellent grades might apply the same study habits to psychology and history, expecting similar results. Generalization shows how learning in one setting can influence behavior in...
1.4K
Molecular Models02:00

Molecular Models

43.6K
Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.
43.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Interacting climatic drivers of dengue incidence: a GARMA-based time series analysis in a Brazilian health region.

Acta tropica·2026
Same author

Longitudinal relationships between physical fitness and phase angle as a biomarker of cellular health in Brazilian male adolescents: a Bayesian analysis.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Longitudinal Development of Physical Fitness in Young Football Players: A Bayesian Analysis.

Research quarterly for exercise and sport·2025
Same author

Modeling Pubertal Growth Variability in Schoolchildren From Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil: A Bayesian Analysis.

American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council·2025
Same author

Developmental changes in the physical fitness of young female and male basketball players: a Bayesian analysis.

The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness·2025
Same author

Motivation and identity among European and Brazilian elite student-athletes: a Bayesian multilevel regression and poststratification analysis.

Frontiers in sports and active living·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
07:30

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations

Published on: May 1, 2018

15.9K

Modeling the Angle-Specific Isokinetic Hamstring to Quadriceps Ratio Using Multilevel Generalized Additive Models.

Lucas A Sousa1, André L A Soares2, Ahlan B Lima2

  • 1School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-851, Brazil.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|July 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study modeled the hamstring to quadriceps (H:Q) ratio in athletes using isokinetic data. The generalized additive multilevel model revealed joint-angle-specific H:Q ratios, aiding strength development and injury prevention.

Keywords:
Bayesian methodsadolescentisokineticmuscle functionstrength

More Related Videos

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE
06:57

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE

Published on: May 14, 2019

10.9K
Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity
08:40

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity

Published on: June 12, 2019

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
07:30

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations

Published on: May 1, 2018

15.9K
Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE
06:57

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE

Published on: May 14, 2019

10.9K
Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity
08:40

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity

Published on: June 12, 2019

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Science
  • Kinesiology

Background:

  • The hamstring to quadriceps (H:Q) ratio is crucial for knee joint stability and injury prevention in athletes.
  • Understanding joint-angle-specific H:Q ratios can optimize training and rehabilitation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the joint-angle-specific functional H:Q ratio in healthy male basketball players.
  • To utilize a generalized additive multilevel model for analyzing isokinetic dynamometry data.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty healthy male basketball players (age 15.0 ± 1.4 years) were assessed using isokinetic dynamometry at 60°·s⁻¹.
  • Moments of force for concentric and eccentric knee extensor and flexor actions were recorded.
  • A generalized additive multilevel model was applied to the isokinetic data.

Main Results:

  • Maximum knee extension moments occurred at varying joint angles.
  • Hamstring concentric actions showed sustained high moments between 30°-60°, while quadriceps eccentric actions peaked around 55°.
  • The functional H:Q ratio exhibited non-linear, joint-angle-specific patterns, peaking at 20° and 80° and declining significantly between these points.

Conclusions:

  • Generalized additive multilevel modeling effectively captures joint-angle-specific H:Q ratio dynamics.
  • These findings enable precise monitoring of strength development and have implications for injury risk assessment and performance enhancement in athletes.